Human Trafficking Exam 2 Practice Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Module
CEU- Human Trafficking
Institution
CEU- Human Trafficking
sex trafficking - Answer -payments/benefits go to the trafficker who is exploiting the sex worker, rather than to the sex workers themselves.
-The trafficker also decides whether/when/where the sex work occurs. The trafficker has control.
-CSE involving kids is always trafficking.
-Trafficke...
Human Trafficking Exam 2 Practice
Questions And All Correct Answers.
sex trafficking - Answer -payments/benefits go to the trafficker who is exploiting the sex worker, rather
than to the sex workers themselves.
-The trafficker also decides whether/when/where the sex work occurs. The trafficker has control.
-CSE involving kids is always trafficking.
-Trafficker often has total control, including psychological control, over the victim. Typically, this type of
control is more powerful than physical control.
-Victims are abused by traffickers as well as often by the clients (aka johns) too.
Sex Trafficking Victims' Demographics - Answer Victims: 70% female
50% are under 18 (So, half of sex trafficking victims are KIDS)
Profit made for the Trafficker - Answer A single trafficked child can net $30,000 in profit for the
trafficker
Substandard Living Conditions of victims - Answer physical/emotional abuse, health risks, sexual
coercion, lack of access to adequate medical attention, inadequate food & poor housing conditions
(often shuttling among cheap hotels/motels).
Why do the traffickers do it? - Answer - Remember, high profit/low risk crime.
- Lucrative opportunity - the victims make them a lot of money.
- Considered low risk (not often prosecuted/detected)
Who is responsible for trafficking? - Answer - Not just the "pimp" (trafficker) - the "johns" (customers)
are also offenders, but less criminally culpable (responsible) under the law and have not typically been
the focus of enforcement in the past.
- Family members as well as so-called "boyfriends" often are the ones who get the victims involved - the
recruiters
,- Trafficker may own a business that can be considered a legitimate front (e.g., massage parlors, nail
salons)
Average age of Sex Trafficking Victims - Answer 20 years old in the United States
12 years old outside the United States
Sex Trafficking Victims - Profile - Answer - Many do not speak the host country language
- Often from large families
- Typically very poor countries, but also from the US and other 1st world countries.
- Mortality rate for victims of sex trafficking is 40 times higher than the national average.
Ways sex trafficking can occur - Answer (1) through "force, fraud, or coercion" (remember, the US law's
definition);
(2) volunteer to participate in sex work but are later placed in situations where they are forced to
perform "unanticipated, undesired and non-consensual sex acts under inhumane conditions"; [changes
from consensual].
(3) any minor under the age of 18 - is per se sex trafficking. Consent is not possible by a child for sexual
exploitation. (recall again, the American TVPA law's definition).
Trafficking victims who are foreign nationals - Answer -Trafficking victims who lack visa documents and
are working as prostituted persons in the US are unlikely to report abuse because they're afraid of being
deported. Both US citizens and foreign nationals also often decline to report to police when they are
crime victims.
-May also be perceived by the public as "unworthy of legal assistance" or other types of help due to the
pervasive STIGMA.
Sex Trafficking Risk Factors - Answer Poverty
Dysfunctional families
Childhood neglect & abuse (often childhood sexual abuse)
LGBTQIA+ youth/young adults
Drug addiction
Foster care youth, especially those aging out of the system
, Social media
Immigration issues
Military presence
Mail order brides
Law Enforcement Obstacles - Answer - Limited resources to address the crime of human trafficking. It is
a resource-intensive type of crime to investigate/prosecute, especially as to arrest/prosecution of the
traffickers themselves, less difficult to catch the customers (johns).
- On the surface, difficult to distinguish between prostitution and sex trafficking. It can be hard to detect
victims, who often do not self-identity as such.
- Unlike most other crime victims, HT victims usually do not report the crime
- For the above reasons, victims are often uncooperative with law enforcement and prosecutors due to
the victims' fears and vulnerabilities along with their distrust of law enforcement.
why don't victims report their issues to police - Answer due to their own vulnerability, including 1)
immigration status (international); or 2) criminal histories (domestic); 3) fear of retaliation by the victims
from the traffickers; and 4) language as a barrier (for internationally trafficked).
Human Trafficking: US Law - TVPA. TVPA Reauthorization in 2003 added these safeguards - Answer -
Established a FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHT of action for HT victims to sue their traffickers, a federal civil rights
lawsuit.
- Criminal Prosecution - Added HT to the list of crimes that could be prosecuted as a RICO crime
(Racketeering Influenced Corrupt Organizations)..
T Visa - Answer - temporary visa classification in US immigration system for HT victims.
- Benefits - HT victim may stay in US up to 4 years, which can be extended if law enforcement certifies
that the HT victim is needed to assist with ongoing investigation/prosecution of HT.
- T visa is a pathway to application for permanent resident status - if HT victim is continually present in
US for 3 years.
- Downside of T Visa - HT victim MUST cooperate with law enforcement in the investigation/prosecution
of the victim's trafficker. Most HT victims are too afraid to do so out of fear of retaliation by the trafficker.
- In 2009, the US Gov't issued only 4% of the 5,000 T-Visas permitted by Congress per year.(Text - p. 335).
That's a mere 200 or so people who benefitted from the T-visa in 2009.
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