CMN-568 Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Myopia - Answer-nearsightedness. objects nearby are in focus, distant objects are blurred. focus is
anterior to retina. Need divergent lenses
Hyperopia - Answer-farsightedness. Infants have a hyperoptic reaction that diminshes in toddler
years. ...
Lacerations of the eye - Answer✔✔-at risk for lacrimal system injury and chronic tearing. need repair in
OR
Burns of the eye - Answer✔✔-can result in permanent vision loss and scaring. need immediate referal.
Irrigate eye, remove percipitates, topical ABX, and eye patching.
Hyphema - Answer✔✔-Layer of blood within the anterior chamber. May be microscopic or fill the entire
chamber. From blunt trauma or a ruptured vessel. shield should be placed over eye, elevate head, and
refer!
Abusive Head Trauma - Answer✔✔-retinal hemorrhages, lid ecchymosis, subconjuctional hemorrhage,
hyperema, retinal folds, retinoschisis, optic nerve edema. REFER! (FYI simple retinal hemorrhages can be
normal in healthy newborns and usually due to vaginal delivery. will resolve within 1 month)
Blepharitis - Answer✔✔-From inflammation of eyelid, gland obstruction, and bacterial overgrowth. Treat
with warm compresses, clean with baby shampoo, and erythmycin ointment
Chalazion - Answer✔✔-obstruction of meibomian gland. Leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and granuloma
fromation. presents as eyelid nodule with localized redness. treatment same as Blepharitis
Hordeolum - Answer✔✔-"Sty" Staph infection of Zeis gland. treat with warm compresses
Eyelid Ptosis - Answer✔✔-droopy upper eyelid. from defective levator muscle. need surgery
Horner Syndrome - Answer✔✔-Caused by and abnormality or lesion to the sympathetic chain. Usually
from birth trauma or cardiac sx, brainstem malformation, or neuroblastoma. presents with unequal
pupils, different color eyes, and eyelid pitosis. vision is usually intact. treat underlying condition
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