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EAB 4798 Paloma Rodriguez Midterm Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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EAB 4798 Paloma Rodriguez Midterm ExamQuestions And 100% Correct Answers
J.B. Watson - ANSWER *Psychologists should focus efforts on observable behavior
*Goal of behaviorists is prediction & control
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER *Distinguished between respondent (reflexive) behavior &
operant (or voluntary) behavior
*Cognitive & emotional processes
By 1950s & 1960s - ANSWER Behavior analysts were publishing studies that examined
the effects of the application of behavioral principles -To both normally and atypically
developing individuals
Applied - ANSWER *interest shown by society in the issues being examined
*Usually, tight connection between stimuli & behavior being examined
Behavioral - ANSWER *pertaining to the practical nature of the research
*Focus on:
-What individual can do as opposed to what she/he can say
-Valid quantification of behavior needs to be realized
-Question not just what behavior was modified during an experiment, but also whose
behavior has changed
Analytic - ANSWER • Definition: Refers to a believable demonstration that events
controlled by the researcher account for the presence or absence of the behavior in
question
• Seek to encourage "valuable" behavior
,• Good technical description of procedures necessary
• Replication
Subjects - ANSWER Individuals in a single subject study who are involved in changing
their own behavior (e.g., Mark)
Participants - ANSWER A volunteer, who has given informed consent to the procedures
in the study, and who is actively involved and vested in the study outcomes
Independent variable - ANSWER *Treatment or intervention that researcher controls in
order to influence changes in dependent variable
*Independent and dependent variables should share a functional relationship
Dependent Variable - ANSWER • (or target behavior)
• Measured to determine the effects of the independent variable
Changes in the target behavior must be functionally dependent on changes in the
independent variable-one that relies on a functional relationship
Extraneous Variables - ANSWER • Confounding variables
• Any feature of study that could confuse or cloud the creditability that the independent
variable and dependent variable have a functional relationship
Baseline Phase - ANSWER • Usual is the first phase in a study
• When initial performance on the target behavior is measured before implementation of
the intervention independent variable)
• Ex.: Teacher collects data on accuracy in solving independent math problems
Intervention Phase - ANSWER • A phase when the intervention has been introduced and
data are collected to determine effects on the target behavior dependent variable)
• May be multiple intervention phases
, Follow-up Phase - ANSWER • Typically, a final phase of a study
• When the researcher continues to measure performance on the target behavior
although the independent variable may have been withdrawn following successful
intervention
Notations - ANSWER • The system of letters used to identify the type of design used
• Refers to a baseline phase; B and all subsequent letters to
intervention phases
• Each letter (e.g., B, C) refers to a different intervention
• Combinations (e.g., BC) refer to package, or combinations of, interventions • Numbers
may be attached (e.g., Al, Bl) to denote a first baseline phase or a first intervention
phase when there are subsequent baseline or intervention phases (e.g., A2, B2) XY or
Line Graph - ANSWER • The typical line graph used to graphically depict the quantitative
data collected in single subject research
• Data are graphed at the correct intersects across the x‐ and y‐axes
Which of the following is graphed along which axis? Dependent Variable - ANSWER •
The dependent variable performance is graphed along the y‐axis
• The y‐axis must be scaled such that the range of the dependent variable is
appropriately reflected
X-Axis - ANSWER • is utilized to display observations across time (utilizing tick marks to
indicate which observation is being graphed along the y‐axis)
Data Paths - ANSWER *Each data point that is graphed is connected by a line
*The line of the data path is not usually drawn across phase change lines
*Breaks in the data path reflect an interruption in the observation or measurement of the
dependent variable
*Sometimes more than one data path is needed
• e.g., Alternating treatment designs
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