Best Physics chapter SOUND notes Complete Summarised Chapter for Exams
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PHYSICS
SOUND
Sound
• Sound is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
• The matter or substance through which sound is transmitted is called a Medium.
Sound Waves
• A wave is a disturbance that moves through a medium when the particles of the medium set neighboring particles
into motion.
• Sound waves are characterized by the motion of particles in the medium and are called mechanical waves.
• Compression : When a vibrating object moves forward, it pushes and compresses the air in front of it creating a
region of high pressure. This region is called a compression (C).
• Rarefaction : When the vibrating object moves backwards, it creates a region of low pressure called rarefaction.
Sounds needs a medium to travel
• Sound needs a material medium for its propagation. It does not travel through vacuum.
Types of Waves
• LONGITUDINAL WAVES : In these waves the individual particles of the medium move in a direction parallel
to the direction of propagation of the disturbance.
• TRANSVERSE WAVES : In a transverse wave particles do not oscillate along the line of wave propagation but
oscillate up and down about their mean position as the wave travels.
Characteristics of Sound Waves
• We describe a sound wave by its :
1. SPEED
2. AMPLITUDE
3. FREQUENCY
• A peak is called the crest and a valley is called the trough of a wave.
• The distance between two consecutive compressions (C) or two consecutive rarefactions (R) is called the
wavelength.
• The number of such oscillations per unit time is the frequency of the sound wave.
• The time taken by two consecutive compressions or rarefactions to cross a fixed point is called the time period of
the wave.
• The way in which the brain interprets the frequency of a sound is called Pitch.
• The faster the vibration of the source, the higher is the frequency and the higher is the pitch.
• The magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium on either side of the mean value is called the amplitude
of the wave.
• The loudness or softness of a sound is determined basically by its amplitude.
• The quality or timber of sound is that characteristic which enables us to distinguish one sound from another having
the same pitch and loudness.
• A sound of a single frequency is called a tone.
• The sound which is produced due to a mixture of several frequencies is called a note.
• The speed of sound is defined as the distance at which a point on a wave, such as a compression or a rarefaction,
travels per unit time.
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