While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
A. Atrophy
B. Die
C. Age
D. Regenerate - answer-B. Die
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in...
Understanding Pathophysiology Final review
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the nurse should
document this finding as the presence of
A. Necrosis
B. Ischemia
C. Rigor mortis
D. Gangrene - answer-C. Rigor mortis
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe
dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic
intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?
A. Symptoms subside quickly
B. Intracellular dehydration
C. Massive dependent edema
D. No noticeable effect - answer-B. Intracellular dehydration
The nurse is aware that hyperkalemia can be manifested in the following signs and symptoms. (Select all
that apply)
A. Bone pain, osteoporosis
B. Potassium level >5.5 meq/L
C. Increased neuromuscular irritability
D. Normal EKG tracing (reading)
E. Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis - answer-Potassium level >5.5 meq/L; Increased
neuromuscular irritability; Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis
The primary provider told your patient to increase dietary potassium. The nurse would help the client
identify which of the following in his/her diet teaching as higher in potassium? (Select all that apply)
A. Watermelon
B. Oranges
C. Banannas
D. Apples
E. Baked potatoes - answer-Oranges, Bananas, Baked potatoes
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water balance
is closely related to the balance of:
A. Bicarbonate
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Chloride - answer-C. Sodium
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of atrophy?
,A. Disuse
B. Neurogenic
C. Pathologic
D. Physiologic - answer-D. Physiologic
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by
A. Osmotic forces.
B. Buffer systems
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Plasma pressure - answer-A. Osmotic forces
Which is the initial treatment for hypernatremia?
A. Diuretic administration
B. Isotonic 0.9% normal saline fluid
C. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
D. Restriction of fluids - answer-C. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell
swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
A. Adaptation
B. Apoptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Calcification - answer-C. Necrosis
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance.
Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the
normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
A. Metaplasia
B. Anaplasia
C. Hyperplasiz
D. Dysplasia - answer-A. Metaplasia
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular
atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell
A. Vacuoles
B. Number
C. Lipids
D. Size - answer-D. Size
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
A. Hypoventilating
, B. Hyperventilating - answer-B. Hyperventilating
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that apoptosis is a
condition in which cells program themselves to:
A. Atrophy
B. Die
C. Age
D. Regenerate - answer-B. Die
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the following fluid
compartments?
A. Intravascular fluid
B. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
C. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
D. Interstitial fluid - answer-A. Intravascular fluid
A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has internal damage to the
neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage.
Which of the following most likely caused her injuries?
A. Chemical asphyxiation
B. Manual strangulation
C. Choking (foreign body) asphyxiation
D. Ligature strangulation - answer-B. Manual strangulation
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical injury
B. Hypoxia
C. Free radical-induced injury
D. Radiation injury - answer-B. Hypoxia
Your patient is on Lasix 40mg and passing large amounts of urine. The nurse would be aware that the
patient may be loosing _________________ in the urine passed.
A. Sodium
B. Potassium - answer-B. Potassium
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic
injury secondary to
A. Malnutrition
B. Chemical toxicity
C. Free radicals
D. Ischemia - answer-ischemia
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