Which of the following is not an example of how the debates of early
philosophers over the relationship of the precise measurements of the physical
body and the vague measurements of the mind contributed to the birth of modern
psychological study?
a Early philosophers acknowledged that personal bias was causing them to
remember some facts and to ignore others more than they should have.
b These debates help modern psychology students stop worrying about facts and
focus more on gut feelings.
c These early observations set the stage for proving real relationships of
correlation and causation.
d Analyzing and explaining opened the door to experimentation and more careful
recording of success and failure of assertions.
b
The focus of functionalism differed from the focus of structuralism by (select all
that apply)
a trying to describe how cognitive structures combined emotions and sensations
b looking only at the functioning of active people
c trying to describe why cognitive structures combined emotions and sensations
a, c
Which of the following is not true about Wundt's significant contributions to the
scientific study of psychology?
a He wanted to test objectively and observe philosophical principles of past
writings.
b He disagreed with Sigmund Freud's focus on sexual influences.
,c He established the first scientific laboratory dedicated to the study of humans.
d He studied philosophy and physiology.
b
1. behavioristic
2. psychoanalytic
3. humanistic
4. cognitive
5. eclectic
a. Maslow, Rogers, individual choice, free will, self actualization, genuineness,
unconditional positive regard
b. a combination of portions of two or more approaches
c. Watson, Pavlov, Little Albert, classical conditioning, Skinner, operant
conditioning
d. Freud; subconscious; determinism; anxiety; defense mechanisms; neo-
Freudians: Erikson, Horney, Adler, Jung
e. Ellis, Glasser, belief, conscious choice
c, d, a, e, b
1. behavioristic
2. psychoanalytic
3. humanistic
4. cognitive
a. subconscious motivation, conflict
b. positive, hierarchy of needs
c. thought, interpretations, rethinking
d. objective, based purely on observable actions
d, a, b, c
1. Which of the people listed were likely to argue that you are a result of your
nurture/learning/environment?
2. Which of the people listed were likely to argue that you are a result of your
nature/heredity/genes?
,a. Plato and Descartes
b. Aristotle and Locke
b, a
Match the name on the right with the blank on the left.
1. The first woman president of the American Psychological Association was
__________.
2. The first woman to receive a PhD in psychology was __________.
a. Mary Whiton Calkins
b. Margaret Floy Washburn
a, b
Recently, in the U.S. and Britain, women are receiving ________ college degrees
than men.
a. more
b. less
a
1. When a study finds that children from Asian/Oriental families (living both inside
and outside of Asia) do better in math and science activities than children from
other racial families (living both inside and outside their native lands), the
position of _________is being supported most.
2. When a study finds that children who were hugged more from birth to
kindergarten do better in academics and social adjustment when going to school,
the position of __________ is being supported most.
a. Nature
b. Nurture
a, b
Match the term on the right with the blank on the left.
1. Most therapists would be classified as involved in_____________.
2. Companies hiring a psychologist to help with morale or productivity would be
hiring someone practicing _____________.
, 3. Research studies and findings would usually be reported and written by
someone involved in
a. basic research
b. clinical practice
c. applied research
b, c, a
1. When two factors are related but do not cause the other to increase (like
sunburns and evaporation), they are _____________ to each other.
2. When a correlation of -.98 is reported as being associated between two factors,
when one factor increases, the other factor _____________.
a. decreases
b. increases
c. unrelated
d. correlated
e. stays the same
d, a
When writing an "educated guess" or describing your best guess about a theory
you believe, your prediction of "if . . . , then . . . " is called a _______.
a replication
b definition
c theory
d hypothesis
d
1. When you have chosen a sample of people based on every third person who
walks by the library steps, you have used a ____________ sample of people.
2. If you want to discover if dunking cookies into milk increases high school
students' grades, you would need to compare the grades of the dunkers with the
non-dunkers. You would classify the dunkers as the ____________ sample of
people.
3. The non-dunkers (in the study above) would be called the ______________
