A complete summary of edexcel a level physics ’particle physics’ notes, handwritten by an A* physics student (2024), with definitions and diagrams. These notes are a combination of my teachers, physics and maths tutors and further reading to form a complete set of thorough notes.
plum pudding model rutherford's model Bohr's model
negative dense s - electrons in
positive
S
- spots
·
positive
⑧
energy
levels
dough Centre
alpha scattering :
"x i
observations and conclusions :
must particles passed miner
straight through
·
>
-
mostly empty space
·
flected by small (198%
a angles
-
concentrated at the centre
charge
>
-
nucleus' small compared to atom
(deflected >90 %
·
scattered
trynumber by
a small
-
nucleus
positively charged
>
-
nucleus dense (mass concentrated) metal heated until free electrons
very
gain enough energy to be emitted
G
cathode tube
ray
Sections
(
released from cathode
surface by muermionic
emission
electrons attracted positive anode
·
to
>
-
accelerated
by electric field
deflecting
·
coils generate magnetic
field
, conservation
E mc
:
of mass-energy =
particle accelerators :
>
- >
synchrotron
-
Linac cyclotion vacuum chamber
y#
Linac ~
Ion source drift tubes particles accelerate between tubes RF oscillator
·
tubes oppositely charged
·
is fixed (T is fixed) tube length increase
frequency of supply must
:
·
accelerated electric fields !
by
particle)
·
LIMITATION :
Length (limits energy of
alternating
·
electric
·
field between dees
-
accelerates particle
particle
·
magnetic field curves path of
advantages
:
>
-
compact
r uses
components more than once
·
disadvantages :
-
max speed 10*ms") : limits energy
of page
deriving formulas
:
F
Bm
=
ma
reason
-r =
particle path is
&
spiral (rcv)
,time
a
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