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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 3 GUIDE FROM CATT86 Questions and Answers
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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 3 GUIDEFROM CATT86 Questions and Answers
3 iiSecond iiAssessment ii- iiAnswers ii-Check iiwrist iipulse iiask iithem iito iitake iia iideep
iibreath iiand iimove iitheir iifoot
Airways
Breathing
Circulation ii
Decrease iiin iineurological iifunction
Arteriosclerosis ii- iiAnswers ii-An iiINFLAMMATORY iiPROCESS iithat iicauses iiabnormal
iithickening iiand iihardening iiof iiarterial iiwall iifrom iideposition iiof iicollagen iiinto iivessel
iiwall iileads iito iidiminished iidistensability.
Atherosclerosis ii- iiAnswers ii-is iithe iinarrowing iiof iithe iiartery iibecause iiof iiplaque iibuild-
up. iiIt iiis iia iiform iiof iiarteriosclerosis iiresulting iifrom iifat iibeing iideposited iiin iivessel iiwall
iithat iireduce iilumen iisize.
Steps iiof iiAtherosclerosis iiDevelopment ii- iiAnswers ii-1. iiUlceration iiof iivessel-tear
iiarterial iiwall
2. iiFatty iistreak
3. iiFibrous iiplaque
4. iiComplicated iilesion ii(Thrombosis)
5. iiThrombus iito iiEmbolus-could iiresult iiin iieverything iifrom iilocalized iitissue iinecrosis iito
iideath iifrom iia iipulmonary iiembolism iithat iilodges iiin iithe iilungs
Coronary iiArtery iiDisease ii(CAD) ii- iiAnswers ii-Etiology: iiatherosclerosis, iivasospasm,
iithrombi
Incidence: ii50% iiall iideaths ii(35% iideaths iiin ii35-65 iiyear iiold)
Pathophysiology: iicoronary iiartery iiocclusion ii→ iidecreased iimyocardial iiperfusion ii→
iimyocardial iiischemia ii→ iiangina ii→ iiischemia iipersists ii(>20 iiminutes) ii→ iiischemic
iicells iiare iiinjured ii→ iiinjured iicells iinecrosis ii(Myocardial iiinfarction) ii→ iimyocardium
iiscars iiover iidead iitissue iidead iitissue iiwill iinot iiconduct iielectrical iicurrent ii→ iiNO
iiHEART iiBEAT! ii(this iiresults iiin iiabnormal iiEKG iireadings).
Risk iiFactors iiCoronary iiArtery iiDisease ii- iiAnswers ii-Non-modifiable ii- iiage ii>60,
iigender iiespecially iimale, iigenetic iipredisposition, iiType iiI iiDiabetes ii
, Modifiable ii- iihyperlipidemia ii(high iicholesterol), iihypertension, iismoking, iiobesity,
iisedentary iilifestyle, iiType iiII iiDiabetes.
DVT ii- iiAnswers ii-RISK iiFACTORS: iiPrior iihistory iiof iia iiDVT ii(**this iiis iithe ii#1 iihighest
iirisk iifactor**); iiPregnancy;
sitting iifor iilong iiperiods ii(i.e., iidriving/flying); iidesk iijob; iiBirth iicontrol iipills; iiobesity;
iismoking.
Pathophysiology: iihemostasis→ iiactivation iiof iiintrinsic iiclotting iicascade ii→ iithrombus
iiformation iithat iiis iithe iisource iiof iiblood iiclots iithat iibreak iioff iiand iitravel iito iidifferent
iiparts iiof iithe iibody ii(emboli) ii- iiusually iito iilungs iiand iicausing iiP.E. ii(pulmonary
iiemboli).
S/S: iitenderness, iiswelling, iiredness/warmth iiin iiaffected iileg ii(when iicompared iito iiother
iileg)
Rx: iianticoagulants ii(like iiHeparin, iiCoumadin, iiPlavix iior iiLovenox) iiand iiprevention
Angiotensin iiReceptor iiBlocker ii- iiAnswers ii-Drug iiTherapy: iiARB
*end iiin ii-in
Angiotensin iiConverting iiEnzyme ii- iiAnswers ii-Drug iiTherapy: iiACE iiInhibitor
Beta iiblocker ii- iiAnswers ii-Drug iiTherapy: iiBlocks iibeta iireceptors iiI ii(heart) ii& iiII ii(lungs).
iiHeart iislows iidown iiand iilowers iiblood iipressure. iiCauses iilungs iito iibronco-dilate iiand
iicauses iicoughing. ii
*End iiin ii-olol
Diltiazem, iiNiphedipine, iiVerapamil ii- iiAnswers ii-Drug iiTherapy: iiCalcium iiChannel
iiBlockers ii(D, iiN, iiV)
furosemide ii(Lasix), iihydroclorthiazide ii(HcTz), iispironolactone ii(Spares iiK+) ii- iiAnswers
ii-Drug iiTherapy: iiDiuretics ii(F ii(Lasix), iiH, iiS)
Heart iiFailure ii- iiAnswers ii-Heart iifailure iimay iiaffect iithe iiRIGHT iiside iiof iithe iiheart
ii(right iiventricle),
the iiLEFT iiside ii(left iiventricle), iior iiBOTH iisides. iiCoronary iiartery iidisease iiis iithe iimost
iicommon iicause iiof iiheart iifailure iiin iithe iiUnited iiStates
Right iiHeart iiFailure ii- iiAnswers ii-left-sided iiheart iifailure iiand iilung iidiseases iisuch iias
iichronic iibronchitis iiand iiemphysema, iicongenital iiheart iidisease, iiclots iiin iipulmonary
iiarteries, iipulmonary iihypertension, iiand iiheart iivalve iidisease
S/S iiRight iiHeart iiFailure ii- iiAnswers ii-swelling iiof iifeet iiand iiankles
Shortness iiof iibreath
Distended iiJugular ii(neck) iiveins ii
Irregular iifast iiheartbeat
Fatigue
Weakness
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