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CCFP EM EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
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CCFP EM EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
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CCFP EM EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATESOLUTIONS
A-a gradient equation @ sea level - Precise Answer ✔✔(150-
1.2(PaCO2))-PaO2
Compared to expected: Age/4 + 4
Anion gap equation - Precise Answer ✔✔AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
Normal = 8-12
Delta gap equation - Precise Answer ✔✔Delta gap = Delta anion gap -
Delta HCO3
FENa equation - Precise Answer ✔✔FENa = [(UNa x Scr)/(SNa x Ucr)]
x 100
OR
(UNa/SNa) / (Ucr/SCr) x 100
,GCS score - Precise Answer ✔✔GCS Motor: 6 obeys commands, 5
localizes pain, 4 withdraws to pain, 3 flexion to pain (decorticate), 2
extension to pain (decerebrate), 1 none.
GCS Verbal: 5 oriented, 4 confused, 3 inappropriate words, 2
incomprehensible sounds, 1 none.
GCS Eyes: 4 spontaneous opening, 3 opens to command, 2 opens to
pain, 1 none
Serum osmolality equation - Precise Answer ✔✔1. Serum osmolality =
(2 x sodium) + BUN + glucose + EtOH
Gap = serum Osm - calculated Osm
Norma = -10 to +10
Parkland formula - Precise Answer ✔✔TBSA x weight (kg) x 4
half of volume given in first 8 hours
(starting at the time of the burn not at time entering ER)
half over next 16 hours
,Winter's formula - Precise Answer ✔✔Pco2 = 1.5 [HCO3-] + 8 +/- 2
ACS shock classification - Precise Answer ✔✔I: 15%/750ml loss -
relatively normal vitals
II: 15-30%/1.5L loss - tachycardia, normal BP
III: 30-40%/2L loss - tachycardia + hypotension
IV: 40%+/2L+ - shock, tachycardia, hypotension, AMS
Beck's triad - Precise Answer ✔✔hypotension, JVD, muffled heart
sounds
Cushing's Response/Reflex/Triad - Precise Answer ✔✔HTN,
bradycardia, irregular respirations
Basal skull fracture signs - Precise Answer ✔✔Periorbital ecchymosis
(raccoon eyes)
CSF rhinorrhea
hemotympanum
mastoid process bruising (battle's sign)
ICH Types + source - Precise Answer ✔✔Epidural hematoma - Middle
meningeal arteries
Subdural hematoma - Bridging veins
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - cortical surface vessels
, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Subfalcine herniation vs. Uncal herniation presentation vs. Tonsilar
herniation - Precise Answer ✔✔displacement of cingulate gyrus under
the falx cerebri
= abnormal gait
Uncus of the temporal lobe is displaced downward
Creates pressure on CN III, posterior cerebral artery, and RAS
= CN 3 palsy = ipsalateral pupil dilation
= contralateral hemiparesis
= coma
herniation of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
= death
Le Fort I vs. II vs. III - Precise Answer ✔✔I: palate is mobile/# below
nose
II: nose is mobile/# of inferior orbit
III: face is mobile/# through zygomatic arch
Mandible fracture red flags - Precise Answer ✔✔mandibular pain
malocclusion
trismus
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