HUS SUD EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Agonist: - ANSWERSligand that activates a receptor
Addiction (from a psychopharmacological perspective) - ANSWERS: a chemical or behavior used to produce pleasure and to reduce painful affects, employed in a pattern that includes the following:
...
Agonist: - ANSWERSligand that activates a receptor
Addiction (from a psychopharmacological perspective) - ANSWERS: a chemical or behavior used to
produce pleasure and to reduce painful affects, employed in a pattern that includes the following:
1. recurrent failure to control behavior
2. continuation of the behavior despite significant harmful consequences
Ligand: - ANSWERSsmall molecule that activates a receptor
Neurotransmitter: - ANSWERSchemicals released by nerve cells at the synapse (space between nerve
cells) that influences the activity of other cells
Primary neurotransmitters related to addiction pharmacotherapy: - ANSWERSAcetylcholine (ACH),
glutamate (GLU), y-
aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5HT),
norepinephrine (NA), opioid (OP), and dopamine
Receptor: - ANSWERSthe location at which ligands bind to the nervous system to exert their effects;
allows for chemical signaling between and within cells
Reuptake: - ANSWERSreabsorption of a neurotransmitter by way of a reuptake transporter pump in cell
membrane
Synapse - ) - ANSWERSspace between two neurons (nerve cells
Part of a synapse: - ANSWERS1. synaptic cleft - minute space between neurons
, 2. presynaptic membrane of one neuron
3. postsynaptic membrane of receiving
neuron
Functions of Synapse - ANSWERSThe presynaptic side of the synapse controls neurotransmitter release
The neurotransmitter is released into the synapse
The postsynaptic side of the synapse facilitates the response of cells to the neurotransmitter
Cross ethnic Variations - ANSWERSDrug effects vary considerably in different ethnic groups with the
same amount given
In general, a higher amount is needed to produce the desired effect in African Americans and the least
amount in Caucasian Americans, with effects on Caucasian Americans falling in the middle
Gender, divergent beliefs, expectations, genetics, and dietary practices can also impact drug effects
Neurotrannsmitters - ANSWERSChemicals that facilitate the response of neurons/ nerve cells
Three main types of neurotransmitters related to addictions - ANSWERS1. Serotonin
2. Dopamine
3. Norepinephrine
Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter - ANSWERS1.Synthesis (production) of the transmitter
2.Packaging and storage in synaptic vesicles
3.Transport from the site of synthesis to the site of release
4.Release in response to an action potential (a change in the electrical response of a cell as a result of a
nerve impulse)
5.Binding to postsynaptic receptor proteins
6.Action ends due to diffusion, destruction, or reuptake into cells
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