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BIOL 1105 Exam 4 Study Guide with 100- correct answers(graded A+).
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BIOL 1105 Exam 4 Study Guidewith 100% correct
answers(graded A+)
Distinguish between a genetic map and a physical map. - answer
Genetic maps are created using recombination frequencies and
provide the relative location of genes based on their distance from
others.
Physical maps are created in many different ways (restriction
enzymes, dyes, Sequence-Tagged sites) and show the actual location
of landmarks on the genome.
Distinguish between manual and automated sequencing. - answer
Manual Enzymatic Sequencing: involves using four reactions, one
for each base, and the use of gel electrophoresis to read the order
based on distance traveled. It is labor intensive and time
consuming.
Automatic Sequencing: Each base has a fluorescent label. The
fragments of DNA are run through a gel and a laser and computer
can read the order based on the color emitted in a single tube.
Describe the process of genome sequencing. - answer 1.
Sequencing
the genome is fragmented and the pieces are sequences
2. Assembly
the fragments are put in the proper order with the help of computer
software
3. Annotation
the DNA sequence is labeled wth info about the different regions to
make a map
, Explain how genetic and physical maps can be correlated. - answer
Knowledge from genetic maps can be used to annotate physical
maps.
Differentiate between clone-by-clone sequencing and shotgun
sequencing. - answer
Describe how the challenges of genome sequencing have been
overcome. - answer Genomes are large. Computers can now handle
a lot more data and be used to speed up sequencing and make it
easier and more accurate.
Summarize the classes of DNA found in a genome. - answer Coding
DNA: Encodes for proteins
Single copy genes: exist in a single copy on the chromosome
Segmental duplications: entire copies of genes can be copies from
one chromosome to another.
Multi-gene families: groups of related but distinctly different genes
that occur together in clusters
Tandem clusters: identical copies of genes that can be found in
sequential groups
Noncoding DNA: doesn't code for proteins
Structural DNA: heterochromatin that remains tightly coiled and
untranscribed
Simple Sequenced Repeated
Discuss the benefits of comparative genomics. - answer
Distinguish between genomics, proteomics, and gene expression
studies. - answer Genomics is the study of mapping and
sequencing genomes.
Proteomics is the study of the proteins encoded in the genome
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