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Physical Agent Modalities (PAM) Comprehensive Exam With 100% Answers.

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Physical Agent Modalities (PAMs) - correct answer are those procedures and interventions that are systematically applied to modify specific client factors when neurological, musculoskeletal, or skin conditions are present that may be limiting occupational perf...

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  • October 9, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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Physical Agent Modalities (PAM)

Physical Agent Modalities (PAMs) - correct answer are those procedures and
interventions that are systematically applied to modify

specific client factors when neurological, musculoskeletal, or skin conditions are present that may be
limiting

occupational performance. PAMs use various forms of energy to modulate pain, modify tissue healing,

increase tissue extensibility, modify skin and scar tissue, and decrease edema or inflammation. PAMs are

used in preparation for or concurrently with purposeful and occupation-based activities (Bracciano,
2008).



PAM's - correct answer -Thermal agents: Cold and hot pack, paraffin.

-Electrotherapeutic agents: Biofeedback, Neuromuscular electrical stim, Functional electrical stim,
Galvanic (high voltage) stim, Iontophoresis, Phonophoresis, TENS

-Mechanical devices



NMES - correct answer he use of electrical current to the use of electrical current to

increase ROM, decrease edema and increase ROM, decrease edema and increase strength



FES - correct answer The use of NMES on innervated innervated ddmuscle to
achieve functional or purposeful to achieve functional or purposeful

movements or gain functional control. movements or gain functional control.



do not use FES - correct answer • with patients who have certain types of
pacemakers

• over the carotid sinus area

• over the heart or transthoracically

• over the mouth/throat area

• on open wounds or irritated skin

• over cancerous lesions

, FES Contraindications - correct answer FES will not be effective on patients having
significant

peripheral nerve injury or pathologies such as:

• problems in the cell body

• problems in the axon

• major damage to the myelin sheath

• problems at the synapses between the muscle & the nerve

• problems within the muscle



Superficial thermal agents - correct answer include but are not limited to
hydrotherapy/whirlpool, cryotherapy (cold

packs, ice), Fluidotherapy™, hot packs, paraffin, water, infrared, and other commercially available

superficial heating and cooling technologies



factor that effect current flow (FES) - correct answer Impedence is opposition is
opposition

to flow of an electric to flow of an electric

current current

• Muscle = 75% water

• Fat = 15% water

• Bone = 10% water

So, you want to place the electrode on the

"motor point motor point", over the muscle, where the fibers are most dense

• Electrode size

- Smaller is more concentrated, or more powerful and sometimes more painful painful.

Electrode orientation

- Needs to be placed in line with the way in line with the way the muscle fibers run the muscle fibers
run.

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