Fordham University Foundations Of Psychology (PSYC
Fordham University Foundations of Psychology (PSYC
Exam (elaborations)
Fordham University Foundations of Psychology (PSYC-1200) - Exam 2 Review || All Correct.
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Fordham University Foundations of Psychology (PSYC
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Fordham University Foundations Of Psychology (PSYC
____________ _________ is a type of learning in which one stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus. correct answers Classical conditioning
In classical conditioning, the _______ _______ elicits no response before conditioning. For examp...
Fordham University Foundations of Psychology (PSYC
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Fordham University Foundations of Psychology (PSYC-
1200) - Exam 2 Review || All Correct.
____________ _________ is a type of learning in which one stimulus acquires the capacity to
elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus. correct answers Classical
conditioning
In classical conditioning, the _______ _______ elicits no response before conditioning. For
example: Pavlov's bell correct answers neutral stimulus (NS)
In classical conditioning, the _______ ________ unconditionally—naturally and automatically—
triggers a response. For example: Pavlov's meat correct answers unconditioned stimulus (US)
In classical conditioning, the __________ __________naturally occurring response to the
unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. correct answers
unconditioned response (UR)
In classical conditioning, the ________ __________ an originally irrelevant stimulus, after
association with an unconditioned stimulus (US) the meat, comes to trigger a conditioned
response. correct answers conditioned stimulus (CS)
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned)
stimulus (CS). correct answers conditioned response (CR)
_______________ is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning (pairing of neutral
stimulus (NS) & unconditioned stimulus (US)) correct answers Acquisition
________ ________ is when something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. For
example: a child gets praise from a parent for good school grades correct answers Positive
Reinforcement
________ ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. For
example: a child cleans their room to avoid their parents yelling at them correct answers
Negative Reinforcement
________ ________ is when something is added to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. For
example: a parent yelling a child for fighting with their sibling correct answers Positive
Punishment
________ ________ is when something is removed to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. For
example: a child loses iPad privileges for not eating their vegetables correct answers Negative
Punishment
____________ occurs when conditioned stimulus (CS) & unconditioned stimulus (UCS) occur
together in time and space correct answers Contiguity
, _________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly without the
unconditioned stimulus (US) and so the conditioned response (CR) gradually weakens or
disappears. For example ringing the bell and not bringing out meat correct answers Extinction
______________ ____________ is the reappearance of conditioned response (CR) after
extinction & rest period. When the response stops, after a 24 hour break, it will return correct
answers Spontaneous Recovery
______________ _________ is the reappearance of the conditioned response (CR) in the
original environment where acquisition took place (if extinction took place in a different
environment). Example: even if extinction occurs, you move dog to a new office, it will return.
correct answers Renewal Effect
Extinction does NOT lead to _________. It is more of an inhibitory learning. For example: The
dog learning after a while of not getting meat after the bell, the meat will not come. correct
answers "unlearning"
Extinction as inhibitory learning inhibits the previous learning from being expressed, (NOT
erasing the previous learning), depending on: correct answers Passage of time - spontaneous
recovery
Context (environment) - renewal effects
____________ _____________ occurs when one exhibits a particular CR only to certain
stimuli, but not to similar others correct answers Stimulus Discrimination
____________ __________ conditioning is the procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a
well-established conditioned stimulus (CS). For example the bell, meat, and a glowing red dot
correct answers Higher-Order
_____________ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by
their consequences. correct answers Operant
___________ ______________ are the circumstances or rules that determine whether responses
lead to the presentation of reinforcers. correct answers Reinforcement contingencies
Extinction in operant conditioning is the process by which the association between ___________
and __________ is broken. correct answers response; contingency
____________ __________________occurs when an organism continues to make a response
after the reinforcement is stopped. Variable Interval is hardest to extinct correct answers
Resistance to Extinction
Punishment is proven to be ___________ as reinforcement. correct answers not as effective
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