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PNB 2250 Exam 1 Study Set Questions And Answers Rated A+
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PNB 2250 Exam 1 Study Set Questions And AnswersRated A+
Animals Traits ANS -distinguish them from plants and single cell organisms
-eukaryotic, multicellular, complex tissues, differentiated tissues
-heterotrophic: consume living or dead plants or animals
-movement or sessile (stuck to something)
Advantages of Multicellularity ANS 1. Cells dedicated to specific tasks, increase in efficiency
2. Not all genes expressed, saves energy
3. Cells farther away from surface (easier to maintain homeostasis)
***Benefits outweigh cost
Disadvantages of Multicellularity ANS 1. Need cell-to-cell connections
2. Need cell-to-cell communication
3. Need system to distribute nutrients
3. Must develop tissues and organs to more effectively regulate internal and external processes
Limitations of the Fossil Record ANS 1. Loss of soft tissues, loss of DNA
2. Biased-temporal (more recent fossils more likely found), geographical (movement of Earth hides
fossils, and taxonomic (marine animals fossilized near mud so more marine fossils found)
Is genome size strongly correlated to organism complexity? ANS No- it's how you use the genes
you've been given and which genes are turned on and off
Plants= 25,000 to 60,000 genes
Animals= 19,000 to 30,000 genes
Prokaryotes= 500 to 5,000 genes
, Convergent Evolution ANS Def: process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve
similarities (analogous structures) when adapting to similar environments; shows LIMITED
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS FACED BY ANIMALS (same mutations can appear
again and again in evolution)
Examples:
1. Flight in insects- birds and bats
2. Fingerprints- humans and koalas
3. Opposable Thumb- opossums
4. Echolocation- bats, whales, shrews
How does Chemistry and Physics Affect Animal Development and Physiology? ANS 1. Impact
on animal form and function
2. All designs have advantages and disadvantages
3. Satisfaction of essential needs (energy input, waste removal, growth)
How Does Entropy Impact Animal Design? ANS ***CHONPS are 96% of body mass
-essential to work against entropy (disorder), stable bonds, allows you to make proteins, lipids, and
carbs, maintain strong structures resistant to entropy (hard to build but effective)
Homeostasis ANS Def: maintain internal environment suitable for life in the face of a changing
external environment
Examples of Homeostasis ANS blood pH (change in physiological variable), blood
sugar/glucose(variable), body temperature, O2 levels, hormones, sweating, shivering
Ecosystem Engineering ANS Def: engineer/modify living space to help suit it to animal's needs
Examples:
1. Prokaryotes captured solar energy and changed the atmosphere (photosynthesis)---> O2 oxidizes
toxic methane and removes it from atmosphere
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