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Essential reading for Radiology
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This document contains essential reading for the Radiology SAQs and TAQs.
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DistanceLearningCentre.comLEARNING MATERIALS
Subject: Physics
Unit: Applied Physics Radiology
Topic 1: Radiology
Level: 3
Essential reading
The essential textbook for this topic is Medical Physics: Imaging by
Jean Pope, published by Heinemann, ISBN No: 0-435-57094-3.
Recommended reading:
Recommended reading for this topic is listed in the back pages of
these learning materials.
Further resources:
Further resources to deepen your learning on specific aspects of this
topic are listed throughout these learning materials.
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© The DistanceLearningCentre.com, 2022
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© The DistanceLearningCentre.com, 2022
, Subject: Physics
Unit: Applied Physics Radiology
Topic 1: Radiology
Level: 3
LEARNING MATERIALS
Contents
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Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
1. Atomic Structure ................................................................................... 2
2. Types of Radiation ................................................................................ 4
2.1 Particulate (Alpha and Beta Particles) ...................................................... 4
2.2 Electromagnetic (Gamma and X) Rays .................................................... 5
3. X-ray imaging ......................................................................................... 8
3.1 X-ray Uses ............................................................................................... 8
3.2 X-ray Tube ............................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 X-ray Production at the Anode ................................................... 9
3.2.2 X-ray Spectrum ........................................................................ 10
3.3 Half-value Thickness.............................................................................. 11
3.4 Photographic X-ray Imaging................................................................... 12
3.5 Other Radiation Detection Techniques .................................................. 12
3.5.1 Dosimeters............................................................................... 13
3.5.2 Solid State Detector ................................................................. 13
3.5.3 Geiger Counter (with Geiger- Mueller Tube)............................. 14
3.5.4 Spark Detector (for Alpha Radiation) ........................................ 14
3.5.4 Scintillation and Gamma Cameras ........................................... 14
3.5.5 Uses of gamma cameras ......................................................... 16
3.5.6 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ..................................... 16
3.5.7 Uses of PET Scanning ............................................................. 16
3.6 CT scanning .......................................................................................... 17
4. Ultrasound ........................................................................................... 20
4.5 The principles of ultrasound in terms of detection of reflected sound waves 20
4.5.4 Calculations involving acoustic impedance (Z = ρc) and incident, reflected
and transmitted intensities........................................................ 21
5. Magnetic resonance imaging ............................................................. 25
5.5 Resonance ............................................................................................ 25
5.6 Magnetic fields caused by electrical currents ......................................... 25
5.7 Hydrogen atoms as magnets ................................................................. 26
5.8 How magnetic resonance is used to create an image ............................ 28
6. Dangers of Radiation .......................................................................... 31
© The DistanceLearningCentre.com, 2022
, Subject: Physics
Unit: Applied Physics Radiology
Topic 1: Radiology
Level: 3
LEARNING MATERIALS
6.5 Effective Radiation Dose Calculations ................................................... 32
Credits .......................................................................................................... 35
Image credits .................................................................................................. 35
© The DistanceLearningCentre.com, 2022
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