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CD test #1 (ch 1 & 3) questions well answered graded A+ already passed
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CD test #1 (ch 1 & 3) questions well answered graded A+ already passed
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CD test #1 (ch 1 & 3)Physical domain of development - correct answer ✔✔changes in body size, proportions, appearance,
functioning of body systems, perceptual and motor capacities, and physical health
Cognitive domain of development - correct answer ✔✔changes in intellectual abilities like attention,
memory, academic/everyday knowledge, problem solving, imagination, creativity and language
Emotional/social domain of development - correct answer ✔✔changes in emotional communication,
self-understanding, knowledge about other people, interpersonal skills, friendships, intimate
relationships and moral reasoning/behavior
Prenatal period - correct answer ✔✔from conception to birth
Infancy and toddlerhood - correct answer ✔✔from birth to 2 years; changes in body/brain, emergence
of motor, perceptual, and intellectual capabilities, beginning of language; infancy (1st year), toddlerhood
(2nd year/first steps)
early childhood - correct answer ✔✔2 to 6 years; body longer and leaner, motor skills refined, more self-
controlled and self-sufficient, sense of morality, ties w/ peers
middle childhood - correct answer ✔✔6 to 11 years; learn about wider world and master new
responsibilities, improved athletic abilities, organized games w/ rules, more logical thought process,
mastery of fundamental reading, writing, math etc., more understanding of self, morality and friendship
adolescene - correct answer ✔✔11 to 18 years; initiates transition to adulthood, puberty, thought
abstract and idealistic, estb. autonomy and define personal values/goals
continuous - correct answer ✔✔a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were
there to begin with; infants/preschoolers respond to world in much the same way as adults do,
difference is one of amount of complexity
,discontinuous - correct answer ✔✔a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the
world emerge at specific times; infant/preschoolers thoughts, emotions, and behaviors differ from adults
considerably; development takes place in stages: qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving
that characterize specific periods of development
Stage Theorists - correct answer ✔✔assume people everywhere follow same sequence of development
Personal vs Environmental contexts - correct answer ✔✔personal: heredity and biological makeup
environmental: immediate settings (home, child-care center, school and neighborhood) and more
remote circumstances (community resources, societal values/priorities, and historical time period),
cultural diversity
nature-nurture controversy - correct answer ✔✔are genetic or environmental factors more important in
influencing development?
nature: inborn biological givens (genes)
nurture: forces of physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological
experiences
stabilitiy - correct answer ✔✔children high or low in a characteristic (i.e. verbal ability, anxiety, or
sociability) will remain so at later ages
stress importance of heredity
early experiences as establishing a lifelong pattern of behavior
plasticity - correct answer ✔✔development open to change in response to influential experiences
throughout life
John Locke - correct answer ✔✔children as tabula rasa (blank slate), character shaped entirely by
experience
praise/approval as rewards, opposed physical punishment
development as continuous, champion of nurture
many courses of development and high plasticity at later ages
children passive (now not supported)
, Rousseau - correct answer ✔✔children are noble savages, naturally endowed w/ sense of right and
wrong and an innate plan for orderly, healthy growth
children's built in morality and unique thinking/feeling harmed by adult training
development discontinuous (stagewise) process that follows a single, unified course mapped out by
nature
maturation (rousseau) - correct answer ✔✔a genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of
growth
Normative Period - correct answer ✔✔Hall: founder of child-study movement
regarded development as maturational process -- a genetically determined series of events that unfold
automatically
Normative approach - correct answer ✔✔measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of
individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development
Binet and Simon - correct answer ✔✔first successful intelligence test; intelligence as good judgement,
planning, and critical reflection
Baldwin - correct answer ✔✔children's understanding of physical and social worlds develops through
sequence of stages
nature and nurture granted equal importance
Psychoanalytic perspective - correct answer ✔✔children move through a series of stages in which they
confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations; how these conflicts are resolved
determines person's ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety
Freud and Erikson
Freud's Psychosexual Theory - correct answer ✔✔emphasizes that how parents manage their child's
sexual and aggressive drives in first few years is crucial for healthy personality development
id: source of basic biological needs/desires
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