A* Condensed Alevel Psychology revision notes for Paper 2 Approaches including comparison grid organised into AO1 and AO3 as well as colour coded evaluation and explanations for each subtopic specified my the updated AQA specification.
Assumptions
R eductionism or A pplications to N ature or D eterminism or O
Idi graphic or M ethodology
Holism? the real world? Nurture? Free will? Nomothetic? (Scientific or not?)
(Clinical or other)
Bio Mind and body Biological Clinical Nature Biological Nomothetic Very Scientific
logi are the same Reductionism Determinism
cal Drug therapy e.g. Behaviour is due to Created universal Empirical scientific
biochemical and SSRIs, innate biological All behaviour is laws to explain method of
neurological Behaviour controlled factors and genetic
by internal biological antipsychotics controlled and behaviour using investigation using
changes explain makeup explained by human physiology equipment such as
behaviour factors
Brain scans biological factors brain scans
fMRI/PET influence of (eg. low serotonin fMRI/EEG/PET,
ignores the influence hormones
of external/societal (eg. limited/excess leads to genetic testing and
influences Symptom-based dopamine leads to depression) mapping to
drug therapy however, biology schiz, localisation of determine genetic
can be modified by brain vulnerabilities to
surgery/trauma function/Broca's) certain psych
such as brain illnesses
plasticity
Be Despite innate Environmental Phobia therapy Nurture Environmental Nomothetic Very Scientific
hav reflexes and the Reductionism Determinism Methodology
iou ability to learn all systematic humans are born a aims to create
rist behaviour is desensitisation is blank slate (Tabula universal laws that
all behaviour is counter-conditioning all behaviour is utilises scientifically
learned from the Rasa) so all behaviour is a direct controlled lab
explained by flooding to overcome controlled by response to
external response to stimulus the association of fear
behaviour is experiments
environment as learned stimulus-response stimulus
conditioning not conditioning uses animal research
humans are born phobias due to Token
a blank slate free will as humans are animals
classical and operant Economies eg. attachment via
(Tabula Rasa) conditioning ignore conditioning
conditioning model Skinner box operant
the biological helps treatment plans (cupboard love) conditioning measures
observational disposition for safety for schiz/mental phobias via key concepts
behaviour is all illnesses in psych conditioning (little
that needs to be wards Albert) Pavlov studies
studied
So Behaviour is Partially Explains Nurture Soft Nomothetic Mostly Scientific
cial learned by Reductionist Learned Determinism Methodology
experience and behaviour is attempts to
Lea modelling by
Behaviours environmental forces
shares elements from learned via establish universal lab experiments and
rni imitation of others classical and and observation of laws of behaviour observations by
behaviourist explains how traits
ng others control such as vicarious Bandura
conditioning (vicarious operant
reinforcement) and
such as aggression behaviour reinforcement
and violence are conditioning
The cognitive approach guarantees however, mediational
passed through however, can choose behaviour
ory (schema of behaviour) processes are
families their role models repeated/diminished
but argues that abstract concepts
(SL behaviour is learned
from others
influence of that cannot be
T) mediational measured
processes
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