NURS 6501 Module 1-4 Exam
Elaboration Questions and Answers
|100% Correct| 2024/2025 Latest
Version!!
Describe the role of cellular adaptation in response to injury.
Cellular adaptation allows cells to adjust to environmental changes or stressors, maintaining
homeostasis and function de...
NURS 6501 Module 1-4 Exam
Elaboration Questions and Answers
|100% Correct| 2024/2025 Latest
Version!!
Describe the role of cellular adaptation in response to injury.
Cellular adaptation allows cells to adjust to environmental changes or stressors, maintaining
homeostasis and function despite adverse conditions.
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in cells?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production through ATP generation
C) Waste disposal
D) Cell division
B) Energy production through ATP generation
Explain the significance of the inflammatory response in the healing process.
The inflammatory response is essential for healing, as it facilitates the removal of harmful
stimuli, recruits immune cells, and promotes tissue repair and regeneration.
What are the primary mediators of inflammation?
A) Neutrophils and platelets
B) Histamines and cytokines
1
,C) Erythrocytes and lymphocytes
D) Monocytes and fibroblasts
B) Histamines and cytokines
How does the body respond to hypoxia at the cellular level?
In response to hypoxia, cells may undergo anaerobic metabolism, increase erythropoietin
production, and activate hypoxia-inducible factors to enhance oxygen delivery and utilization.
What is apoptosis, and how does it differ from necrosis?
Apoptosis is a programmed and controlled process of cell death that occurs without
inflammation, while necrosis is an uncontrolled form of cell death resulting from injury, causing
inflammation.
Describe the effects of aging on the immune system.
Aging leads to immunosenescence, resulting in reduced immune response, increased
susceptibility to infections, and a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases.
What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier?
The blood-brain barrier protects the brain by selectively allowing certain substances to pass
while restricting potentially harmful compounds and pathogens from entering the central nervous
system.
2
,How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to blood pressure
regulation?
A) By increasing urine output
B) By promoting vasodilation
C) By increasing blood volume and constricting blood vessels
D) By decreasing heart rate
C) By increasing blood volume and constricting blood vessels
What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?
A) Excessive vomiting
B) Renal failure
C) Respiratory failure
D) Hyperventilation
B) Renal failure
Explain the concept of homeostasis in the human body.
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment
despite changes in external conditions, ensuring optimal functioning of physiological systems.
What are the common signs of hyperkalemia?
A) Muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue
B) High blood pressure, swelling, and headache
C) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
3
, D) Blurred vision, confusion, and memory loss
A) Muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue
Describe the pathophysiological changes in atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and fibrous plaques
within arterial walls, leading to narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow.
How does chronic stress affect the body's physiology?
Chronic stress leads to prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis, resulting in increased cortisol levels, immune suppression, and increased risk of various
diseases.
What role does the hypothalamus play in temperature regulation?
The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat, regulating temperature through feedback
mechanisms that control heat production and loss.
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?
A) Clotting
B) Oxygen transport
C) Immune response
D) Nutrient absorption
B) Oxygen transport
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