CSU PSY 252 - Mind, Brain, and
Behavior - Exam #3
Pattern Recognition Study: Letter Search - ✔️✔️(Neiser article)
Procedure: Shown block of letters -> select target letter and respond when found
(reaction time)
Trial:
- 1st: feature dissimilar background
- 2nd: feature similar background
Results:
- 1st: Faster
- 2nd: Slower (detect and analyze features)
Feature detectors operating at lower levels
of the visual system detect features of
incoming stimuli such as those shown in
the center of this figure. Later in the
perceptual sequence, bottom-up processing
might recombine these features to aid in
pattern recognition, as in the examples on
the right.
Physiological Data/Evidence of Pattern Recognition: Single Cell Action Potential
Recording - ✔️✔️(Hubel & Wiesel)
Procedure: Presented lines of different orientations and record number of action
potentials
Trails: Horizontal lines, Diagonal lines, Vertical lines
Results:
- Horizontal - minimal firing
- Diagonal - more firing
- Vertical - Maximum firing
bottom up processing
Neuroscience - ✔️✔️Study of neural processes
Cognitive Psychology - ✔️✔️Study of abstract thinking processes
Cognitive Neuroscience - ✔️✔️Relation between neural and abstract processes
Human Speech Recognition - ✔️✔️-Much better than computers
-Does not need clear Enunciation
-Does not need clear separation of words
-Can handle variability and inflection
-Does not need training on individuals speech
, Speech Recognition Software - ✔️✔️-Not as effective nor efficient
-High quality mic needed
-Speak loudly and clearly
-Enunciate each word
-Use training routines
Evidence for Feature Detection - ✔️✔️Feature detectors, detect stimuli, combine for
pattern recognition
Features
key component of pattern recognition - ✔️✔️Color, motion, overall shape
Geons - ✔️✔️Geometrical shapes used in recognition
Gibson's Study
-Letters Varying in Feature Overlap - ✔️✔️Procedure: Shown a pair of letter ->
Respond same or different as quickly as possible (measure reaction time)
Types of Trials:
- E E -> same or different? (same)
- G W -> same or different? (different - low feature overlap)
- P R -> same or different? (different - high feature overlap)
Results: Low feature overlap - quicker than high feature overlap
To land an aircraft, pilots must make accurate judgments of how far they are from
the ground, as well as how fast and from what angle they are approaching the runway.
The bottom-up perceptual cues provided by the environment in this situation
are numerous and overlapping (Gibson, 1979).
Bottom-up Processing - ✔️✔️Relying on specific detailed information and elements
from the sensory receptors that are integrated or assembled into a whole.
Sensations -> Features -> Compare w/ stored info.
ex: Features -> Letters -> Words, Geons -> Objects -> Scenes
Research on the visual system is providing a detailed picture of how bottom-up
processing works. As described in the chapter on sensation, all along the path from
the eye to the brain, certain cells respond to certain features of a stimulus. So the
stimulus is first analyzed into basic features before those features are recombined to
create a perceptual experience.
Aspects of recognition
that depend first on the information
about rhe stimulus that comes ro the
brain from the sensory receptors
Context Effects - ✔️✔️Knowledge to make inferences or educated guesses based off
of prior information
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