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A&P Midterm Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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A&P Midterm Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions anatomy - Answer-study of the forms and organizationof body structures (morphology). Anatomists examine the body and its organization. Physiology - Answer-study of the functions of body parts (what they do and how they do it). Physiologists ...

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  • October 15, 2024
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EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024.




A&P Midterm Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

anatomy - Answer✔✔-study of the forms and organizationof body structures (morphology).

Anatomists examine the body and its organization.


Physiology - Answer✔✔-study of the functions of body parts (what they do and how they do it).

Physiologists perform experiments to determine functions.


Homeostasis - Answer✔✔-process of maintaining stable internal conditions such as

temperatures.


Genes - Answer✔✔-units of heredity that contribute to the characteristics or traits of

organisms.


Explain how anatomy and physiology are related and give an example of a human structure with

its corresponding function. - Answer✔✔-Structure determines function. Body parts form the

human organism and each part plays a role in the operation of the organism. The function

depends on the way the part is constructed. Examples: arrangements of bones and muscles in

hands make gripping and holding possible, heart's muscular walls contract and propel blood out

of chambers into blood vessels, teeth are shaped to break solid food into smaller pieces


Describe how a homeostatic mechanism works and how it is regulated. - Answer✔✔-How the

homeotic mechanism works:

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A change occurs in internal environment. The receptors sense it by measuring deviations from

the set point (how far away from the normal value it is). Effectors are activated to correct the

change and return the internal environment to normal. As the deviation lessons, the effectors

are shut down. This is called a negative feedback mechanism because the set point is corrected

and the correction reduces the action of the effectors. This is important to prevent the

correction from going too far.


What is included in the axial and appendicular portions of the body? - Answer✔✔-Axial Portion

- head, neck, trunk


Appendicular Portion - upper and lower limbs


What is included in the dorsal and ventral body cavities? - Answer✔✔-Dorsal Body Cavity


1. Cranial cavity - brain


2. Vertebral cavity - spinal cord, vertebrae


B. Ventral Body Cavity


1. Thoracic cavity


2. Abdominopelvic cavity


Viscera - Answer✔✔-organs within cavities


What is contained in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? - Answer✔✔-a. a. Abdominal

cavity - stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines


b. Pelvic cavity - terminal end of large intestine,urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs
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, EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024.



Serous membranes - Answer✔✔-thin layers of cells that line the walls of the thoracic and

abdominal cavities and fold back over the organs in these cavities. They secrete a slippery

serous fluid


Parietal pleura - Answer✔✔-serous membrane that lines the right and left thoracic

compartments that house the lungs. This folds back over the lungs forming the visceral pleura


Visceral pleura - Answer✔✔-A thin film of serous fluid separates the parietal and visceral pleural

membranes


Pericardial membranes - Answer✔✔-surround the heart


Peritoneal membranes - Answer✔✔-membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity


Anatomical position - Answer✔✔-standing erect, face forward, upper limbs at sides with palms

forward.


Superior - Answer✔✔-a part is above another part or closer to the head


Inferior - Answer✔✔-- a part is below another part or toward feet


Anterior - Answer✔✔-ventral, towards the front


Posterior - Answer✔✔-dorsal, toward the back


Medial - Answer✔✔-closer to the imaginary midline that separates the body into equal right

and left halves


Lateral - Answer✔✔-toward the side

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