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Exam (elaborations) Nutrition Nutrition questions and answers
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This document covers Exam questions on Nutrition BIOLOGY with correct answers.
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NUTRITION (BIOL 1322) FINAL EXAMREVIEW
nutrition - the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect
body functions and health
list the essential nutrients - carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
balance, variety, moderation - list and describe three components to the "philosophy that works"
for a healthy diet
phytochemicals - chemical from plants that protects cells from damaging substances that
increase the risk of chronic disease
malnourished - long term outcome of consuming a diet that doesn't meet nutrient needs
energy density - foods that are high in energy but low in weight or volume
nutrient density - provide more nutrients per calorie (spinach, skim milk) (important for old
people)
small intestine - where does most digestion occur?
produce hormones (insulin, glucagon), produces and secretes digestive enzymes. produces and
secretes bicarbonate - list three functions of the pancreas
yellowish-green substance made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder - what is bile? where
is it made? stored?
recycled in the liver in order to reduce it - how and why is bile recycled?
20 feet - how long is the small intestine?
villi, microvilli, circular folds - how is the small intestine designed to increase the absorptive
surface area?
fluid, fiber, exercise - for common digestive problems including heartburn, ulcers, constipation,
and hemorrhoids, list key recommendations.
autoimmune disease, genetic disorder related to gluten consumption - what is celiac disease?
, soluble fiber - type of fiber that dissolves in water and moves slower. (improve outcome of heart
disease and type 2 diabetes)
insoluble fiber - fiber that moves faster (grains)
with diabetes glucose cant enter the cells and acidic ketone builds up which could lead to coma
and/or death - nutritional concerns related to diabetes..
type I diabetes - auto-immune disease requires insulin after cells in pancreas are destroyed
type II diabetes - cells are resistant to insulin; eventually cells are exhausted and insulin is
required
metabolic syndrome/ syndrome X - a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart
disease, stroke, and diabetes
insulin, glucagon, glycogen - three hormones involved in regulating glucose levels
triglycerides - what is the major form of fat in our body and in food?
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone - what are the components of a triglycerides
structure?
saturated fatty acid - all carbons bonded to hydrogen (solid @ room temp)
monounsaturated fatty acid - one double bond (liquid @ room temperature) (olive oil)
polyunsaturated fatty acid - more than one double bond (liquid @ room temp) (soybean oil)
monounsaturated fatty acid - the healthiest choice of fatty acids is...
omega 3, omega 6 - what are the two essential fatty acids?
emulsifier - a compound that can suspend fat in water by isolating individual fat droplets using a
shell of water molecules or other substances to prevent the fat from coalescing
phospholipids - of the categories of lipids, which is an emulsifier?
CCK - hormone that stimulates the release of pancreatic lipase
small carriers for absorption - what is a micelle?
chylomicron - lipoproteins that carry digestive fat through lymph into bloodstream
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