Tin pan alley - ANSWERAmerica's pop music industry who defined popular music in the pre-rock and roll era. Sold sheet music that later went to Hollywood movies
Irving Berlin - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
George and Ira Gershwin - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
Rogers and Hart Hammerstein - ANSWER...
Tin pan alley - ANSWERAmerica's pop music industry who defined popular music in the pre-rock and
roll era. Sold sheet music that later went to Hollywood movies
Irving Berlin - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
George and Ira Gershwin - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
Rogers and Hart Hammerstein - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
Cole Porter - ANSWERTin Pan Alley composer
Al Jolson - ANSWERFirst pop singer
Rudy Vallee - ANSWERFirst pop singer
Bing Crosby - ANSWERCrooner, pop singer, radio and film star - Created superstar celebrity from
selling 30+ million copies of "White Christmas"
Frank Sinatra - ANSWERFirst pop singer to create personal vocal style - had macho/womanizing
image
"I've Got You Under My Skin" - ANSWERFrank Sinatra - Capitol Records Studios, Hollywood, CA in
1956
Swing era - ANSWERBig band jazz (swing) is dominant pop music and new dance fads are common.
no words, just instrumentals
Popular location for swing music - ANSWERNew Orleans
Benny Goodman - ANSWERFirst star of the swing era - "Let's Dance" radio program - Elvis of his
generation
"King Porter Stomp" - ANSWERRecorded by Benny Goodman in 1935 and was written by Jolly Roll
Morton
The Postwar Transitional Years - ANSWER1946-1954: Race music (R&B) and hillbilly music (country)
emerge but major labels ignore these new styles. Independent labels emerge
Music covers - ANSWERRerecording of songs to make them "more appropriate" - typically songs
written by black artists are rerecorded by white artists to sell to the white population
Pat Boone - ANSWERHe was the most successful "cover" artist of early Rock and Roll - Rerecorded
R&B music and "white washed" them
Record sales history - ANSWERDropped during the Great Depression (1930s) but rebounded during
the swing era. It was steady during the transitional years but had an explosive growth with rock & roll
(thanks Elvis)
, Acoustical process - ANSWERThe process used before 1925 in which an acoustical horn captured and
transferred sound vibrations to a stylus that cut grooves onto a wax disc. There weren't any
microphones and typically had to be in person to listen to music
Electrical process - ANSWERthe recording process in which microphones are used to convert sound
waves into an electrical signal. It was a one take process (no do overs) and helped Bing Crosby take
off as an artist
Magnetic tape recording - ANSWERRecording technology developed by the Germans and the
Japanese in the 1930s. It is a thin magnetizable coating on a narrow strip of plastic film which allows
for editing and longer recording times
Albums - ANSWERIntroduced by Columbia Records in 1948 - 33 1/3 rpm (revolutions per minute) was
popular with adults
Singles - ANSWERIntroduced by RCA in 1949 - 45 rpm (revolutions per minute) was popular with
teens
Major record labels - ANSWERColumbia
RCA Victor
Decca
Capitol
Independent labels - ANSWERChess
Atlantic
Sun
Willing to take more risks (record African American artists, something big record labels did not want
to do)
Billboard Magazine importance - ANSWERBegan charting record sales in 1940 (Western & Race
(switched to Country and Western, Rhythm and Blues), Hot 100)
RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) - ANSWERCertifies gold, platinum and diamond
standards
Gold standards - ANSWERSingles w/ sales of one million
Albums w/ sales of 500,000
Platinum standards - ANSWERAlbums w/ sales of one million
Diamond standards - ANSWERAlbums w/ sales of ten million
Radio in the 1920s - ANSWERFirst commercial broadcasts that brought music and talk shows into the
home
Radio in late 1940s / early 1950s - ANSWERTV forces radio to focus on local programming and Disk
Jockeys (DJs) become popular, developing flamboyant personalities
1950s radio - ANSWERSegregated - small number of black stations catered to black audiences
White teens began listening to R&B on black stations
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