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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers
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Azotemia - Answer-presence of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Answer-backflow of gastric juices from the stomach to enter the esophagus. DO NOT IGNORE HEARTBURN - it can lead to throat cancer S/S Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) ...

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • slcc pathophysiology exam 4 questions with correct
  • azotemia answer presence of urea or other nitrog

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SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 4
Questions with Correct Answers
Azotemia - Answer-presence of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Answer-backflow of gastric juices from the
stomach to enter the esophagus. DO NOT IGNORE HEARTBURN - it can lead to throat
cancer

S/S Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Answer-Pain is worse when lying
down or bending over. Patients will complain of having to sleep in a recliner or with the
head of the bed elevated to relieve the pain.

NOTE: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - Answer-This pain can mimic a heart attack
because the stomach is so close to the heart - or - patients with heart problems tell
themselves they are just "having heartburn" and delay going to the ER for a cardiac
workup. Teach patients not to assume their chest pain is heartburn!

Rx Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Answer-Stop Smoking and avoid 2nd
hand smoke (increases gastric irritation and causes vasoconstriction which decreases
healing); stop caffeine; check for gluten intolerance; Acid-suppressing medications.
cardiac cocktail
pain is worse when the patient lies down

Hiatal Hernia - Answer-Expansion of esophagus diaphragm pre-spincter that can
become filled with stomach acid. Px

Hiatal Hernia Risk Factors - Answer-Pregnancy
Age
Weightlifting while holding breath
habitual vomiting

PUD - Answer-Peptic Ulcer Disease
Px epigastric
H. pylori bacteria (specific for ulcers)
Px starts 2 hrs. after eating (PUD not gallbladder)
Cured ABX and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

H. Pylori - Answer-common bacteria found in ulcers

Upper Gastric Internal Bleeding (UGIB) - Answer-Hematemesis-Frank bleed
Black "coffee grounds" vomitus -ulcer gastric bleeding

,Lower Gastric Internal Bleed (LGIB) - Answer-Occult Blood- hidden blood (Fecal
chemical paper change)
Melena- Larger amount of digested blood + smell
Hematochezia-Frank Bleed-hemroids

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Answer-*NO DAMAGE* to intestine -->Px
abnormalities:
psychosocial
Motility
sensory
CNS processing

Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Answer-Crohns-Anywhere intestines. Skip lesions
involve all layers
Ulcerative Colitis-Erosion of lining of large colon and rectum in the mucosal layer--
>Toxic Megacolon

S/S Crohns - Answer-Abdominal Px
Tenderness
Nausea/Vomiting
Severe Diarrhea
Low Grade fever
Bloody Stools -->Anemia
Severe malabsorption-->Weight Loss
Dehydration-->Electrolyte imbalance

Fistulas - Answer-tunneling into different areas

Cirrhosis of the Liver - Answer-clogged hepatic portal vein can cause back in the veins
leading to portal hypertension-->organ engorgement, splenomegaly, ascites esophageal
varices-->hematemesis
Protein Loss-->low osmotic pressure

Esophageal Varices - Answer-enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the
esophagus

S/S Cirrhosis of the Liver - Answer-Ascites
Gynecomastia
Caput medusa
Umbilical hernia
Dependent Edema

Gynecomastia - Answer-Abnormal development of breast tissue in males

Hepatic Encephalopathy - Answer-↑ serum ammonia (Poison)-->LOC
Asterixis Factoid (Flap Liver...hand clap)

, Hyperreflexia

Asterixis Factoid - Answer-Flap Liver...hand clap the more movement the more of a
problem in the liver

Bilirubin - Answer-by product of partial protein catabolism. If not fully broken down can
cause Jaundice

Memorize Chart - Answer-Pathophysiology | Manifestation

Hepatorenal Syndrome - Answer-Poor Kidney Perfusion-->low BP due to blood backing
up in the liver and not being able to come out of the liver and suffocating the kidney--
>Triggers RAAS--> increase BP--> more blood backs up-->Kidney failure-->poor Dx w/o
liver transplant

S/S Hepatitis - Answer-Can be either acute/chronic
Fatigue, weakness, loss of stamina
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Anorexia
Fever flu-like symptoms
Dark Colored Urine
*Jaundice of skin and sclera*
*Intense Purities due to Icterus*

Hepatitis A - Answer-Fecal-->oral
Immune system can combat
Vaccine

Hepatitis B - Answer-Vaccine is available
Blood
body fluids
unprotected sex
mom-to-baby

Hepatitis C - Answer-*NO VACCINE*
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by
exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually, can be contracted
through blood transfusions or needles sticks ie drug users

Cholecystitis - Answer-Inflammation of the Gallbladder-gall stones

6 "F's" Cholecystitis Risk Factors - Answer-Fair
Fat
Fertile
female
forties
family Hx

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