BIOD 171 Portage Learning Exam 2
Questions With Verified Answers
What is cellular metabolism? - answer✔Cellular metabolism is a set of biochemical reactions
that occur in living organisms to maintain life.
What is the primary function of enzymes and how are they regulated? - answer✔Enzymes speed
up chemical reactions and they are regulated by a co factor.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - answer✔Catabolism is the breaking
down of larger molecules into energy sources where anabolism is the building up of
macromolecules from smaller molecules.
ATP has the energy to _______ while ADP has the capacity to _________ energy. -
answer✔ATP has the energy to DONATE while ADP has the capacity to ACCEPT energy.
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two subgroups? - answer✔Chemotrophs can be
divided by organotrophs and lithotrophs.
Organotrophs remove electrons from organic molecules such as glucose.
Lithographs remove electrons from inorganic molecules.
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - answer✔Chemotrophs use oxidative
phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the chemical
oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.
What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - answer✔Glycolsis is the first
step and yields 2 molecules of ATP.
Fermentation or respiration, 2 additional molecules of ATP can be produced.
Last, the electron transport chain produces 34 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation event at the
plasma membrane.
What are the reactants of glycolysis? - answer✔The reactants are any molecules present and
involved at the beginning of glycolysis.
The reactants of glycolysis are glucose, NAD+ and ATP.
The reactants are everything located at the left of the arrow.
What are two main strategies for replenishing cellular concentrations of NAD+ and when are
these strategies utilized? - answer✔Fermentation and respiration are the two strategies used by
cells to convert NADH back to NAD+.
Fermentation occurs when there is no oxygen and respiration occurs when there is oxygen.
Respiration is more efficient than fermentation.
How are the TCA and ETC related? - answer✔The end products of TCA (Krebs) are used to fuel
the ETC (electron transport chain).
The TCA produces reduced electron carriers and it fuels the ETC.
In the absence of sugars, are entirely different metabolic pathways used to process alternative
sugar sources (fructose or lactose?) - answer✔No.
Proteases are used to catabolize what? - answer✔Proteases are used to breakdown proteins.
Lipases are used to breakdown lipids.
Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of energy? Which is highest in energy? -
answer✔Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are all sources of energy. Lipids are rich in energy
and can be used in TCA and ETC cycles.
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