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Unit 4 Earth Systems (Exam Review) Questions and Answers
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What are the four layers of the Earth? Describe the composition of each layer. - Answer-the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust makes up less than 1 percent of Earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental crust is often more felsic rock. The mantle is hot and represen...

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  • October 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Unit 4 Earth Systems (Exam Review)
Questions and Answers
What are the four layers of the Earth? Describe the composition of each layer. -
Answer-the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust makes up less than 1
percent of Earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental crust is often more
felsic rock. The mantle is hot and represents about 68 percent of Earth's mass. Finally,
the core is mostly iron metal.

Compare and contrast continental and oceanic crust - Answer-Both oceanic crust and
continental crust are less dense than the mantle. The oceanic crust is mainly made out
of dark basalt rocks that are rich in minerals and substances like silicon and
magnesium. On the other hand, the continental crust is made up of light-colored granite
rocks full of substances like oxygen and silicon.

Compare a divergent with a convergent plate boundary. - Answer-they are both
movements of tectonic plates

Why are plates moving? - Answer-Plates at our planet's surface move because of the
intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move.

Why do oceanic plates dive underneath continental plates when they collide? What is
this process called and what is created? - Answer-When an oceanic and a continental
plate collide, eventually the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate due
to the high density of the oceanic plate; Ocean-Continent Collisions

What is a mid-oceanic ridge? Where is it formed? Give an example of one. - Answer-
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is when the seafloor spreads and forms a mountain underwater.
An example is the extension from south of Iceland to the extreme South Atlantic Ocean
near 60° S latitude. It bisects the Atlantic Ocean basin, which led to the earlier
designation of mid-ocean ridge for features of this type.

How are mountains made? - Answer-Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes
along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains.

What two plates are grinding together to form the San Andreas fault in California? What
type of plate boundary exists here? - Answer-The Pacific Plate (on the west) and the
North American Plate (on the east); San Andreas Fault

How are island arcs and trenches made? - Answer-Hot, remelted material from the
subducting slab rises and leaks into the crust, forming a series of volcanoes.

What is soil made of? How is it made? - Answer-soil is made from mineral particles and
organic materials, through weathering

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