APES Unit 4 Earth Systems Exam Review Questions with Verified Answers
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Module
Earth\\\'s Systems
Institution
Earth\\\'s Systems
What are the four layers of the Earth? - Answer-Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core
Crust - Answer-Thin, Outermost layer
Mantle - Answer-Between core and crust, makes up most of Earth's volume
Outer Core - Answer-Made of iron and nickel, liquid
Inner core - Answer-Solid metal, iro...
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APES Unit 4 Earth Systems Exam
Review Questions with Verified Answers
What are the four layers of the Earth? - Answer-Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner
Core
Crust - Answer-Thin, Outermost layer
Mantle - Answer-Between core and crust, makes up most of Earth's volume
Outer Core - Answer-Made of iron and nickel, liquid
Inner core - Answer-Solid metal, iron and nickel, extremely hot
Continental crust. - Answer-The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains
granite and is less dense than oceanic crust
Oceanic crust - Answer-the portion of Earth's crust that is usually below the oceans and
not associated with continental areas, thinner and higher in density that continental
crust and basaltic rather than granitic in composition
Divergent Plate Boundary - Answer-Plates move away from each other, earthquakes
and magma are common
Convergent Plate Boundary - Answer-Two plates come together, subduction happens,
earthquakes can occur
Why are plates moving? - Answer-Convection currents in the mantle underneath the
crust. which releases intense heat in the core.
Why do oceanic plates dive underneath continental plates when they collide? - Answer-
When an oceanic and a continental plate collide, eventually the oceanic plate is
subducted under the continental plate due to the high density of the oceanic plate.
Subduction - Answer-The process that occurs when one tectonic plate moves under
another tectonic plate and produces volcano arcs
Mid-ocean ridge - Answer-a long, seismically active submarine ridge system situated in
the middle of an ocean basin and marking the site of the upwelling of magma
associated with seafloor spreading.
Where are Mid-ocean ridges formed? - Answer-Ocean Basin
Example of Mid-ocean ridges - Answer-Mid Atlantic Ridge
, How are mountains made? - Answer-Pieces of Earth's crust (plates) smash against
each other in a process called plate tectonics
What two plates are grinding together to form the San Andreas fault in California? -
Answer-North American and Pacific Plates
What type of plate boundary exists in San Andreas, California? - Answer-Strike
Slip/Transform Fault
How are island arcs and trenches made? - Answer-In subduction zone, magma rises up
and cools forming an arc of volcanic islands, trench is the convergent boundary
Soil Formation - Answer-Weathering of rock and the accumulation of organic material
Soil Horizons - Answer-Distinct layers of soil
What is soil made of? - Answer-Soil is made of Minerals, organic material, water,
organism, broken down pieces of rock, humus (rotted plant and animal material), water,
air, and bacteria.
How is soil made? - Answer-Formed from weathering of rocks
O horizon - Answer-Organic material, the organic horizon at the surface of many soils,
composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition
A horizon - Answer-Topsoil, decomposed organic material
B horizon - Answer-Subsoil, rich in minerals
C horizon - Answer-Sediments, parent material
R horizon - Answer-bedrock, parent material
Soil Conservation - Answer-A method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the
soil from erosion and nutrient loss
Techniques that keep soil in place - Answer-1. No till farming, soil if left alone and plants
decompose, providing energy and minerals to soil
2. Crop Rotation and Cover crops, slows soil depletion, cover crops keep soil in place
during storms/rainfall
3. Countour farming, plant along a hillside, keeps rainwater from washing soil away
4. Windbreaks and Stream Buffers- keeps wind from damaging soil, buffer keep
streams from depleting soil
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