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BSC 108 EXAM 3 - UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
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BSC 108 EXAM 3 - UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
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BSC 108 EXAM 3 - UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMAWhat is the structure of a strand of DNA? - Answers-double helix, twisted ladder
What is DNA composed of? - Answers-nucleotide subunits
What is the backbone of DNA? - Answers-deoxyribose and a phosphate group
What is the backbone of DNA covalently bonded to? - Answers-nitrogen-containing
bases
How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain? - Answers-two
The two strands of DNA are: - Answers-complementary
What are the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA? - Answers-adenine, guanine, thymine,
cytosine
How are the nitrogen-containing bases held together? - Answers-hydrogen bonds
What bases pair together? - Answers-adenine=thymine
guanine=cytosine
How does DNA replicate? - Answers-DNA molecule unwinds and each strand is a
template for complementary base pairing; each daughter helix contains an intact strand
from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand therefore DNA replication is
semiconservative
One parent molecule is composed of two __________________ that separate. -
Answers-complementary strands
Each strand is used as a ______________ to make a new strand. - Answers-template
What are the two daughter molecules composed of? - Answers-One "old" (parent)
strand and one "new" (synthesized) strand
Where do parent strands separate? - Answers-origins of replication
Where and how does synthesis of two new complementary strands occur? - Answers-
replication bubbles, using the parent strands as templates
What do the replication bubbles do as DNA replication progresses in both directions at
the replication forks? - Answers-merge
How does an organism's DNA lead to specific traits? - Answers-by dictating the
synthesis of proteins
, What is the structure of RNA? - Answers-single-stranded nucleic acid
RNA contains ________ instead of thymine. - Answers-Uracil
What sugar is used in RNA? - Answers-ribose
What is the function of mRNA (messenger RNA)? - Answers-carries the genetic
message from a gene (DNA) to ribosomes that translate it into a protein
What is the function of tRNA (transfer RNA)? - Answers-translates codons into amino
acids
Where does tRNA pair with mRNA? - Answers-at the anitcodon
What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)? - Answers-to make up ribosomes with
proteins
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? - Answers-transcription and
translation
What is transcription? - Answers-synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA
Where does transcription occur? - Answers-nucleus of a cell
What is translation? - Answers-synthesis of a polypeptide (which will become a protein)
under the direction of mRNA
Where does translation occur? - Answers-on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - Answers-three leaf clover, where one loop is the
anticodon and the other end is where the amino acid attaches
What is tRNA's role in translation? - Answers-picks up amino acids and matches them
to codons
How does information flow in a cell? - Answers-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
DNA makes RNA through: - Answers-transcription
RNA makes protein through: - Answers-translation
What is a mutation? - Answers-change in the genetic material of a cell
What is a point mutation? - Answers-change in one base pair of a gene
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