Summary of the topic of reproduction and development from Campbell Biology a Global Approach, 11th edition. This summary includes notes of accompanying MasteringBiology assignments, lectures and any lectures.
Summary of the topic of reproduction and development from Campbell Biology a Global Appro...
Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 12 van Biology a Global Approach 11th edition
Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 8 van Biology a Global Approach 11th edition
Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 7 van Biology a Global Apprach 11th edition
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Voortplanting en Ontwikkeling
(BOOK)
45.1
Budding means that new individuals arise form outgrowths of existing ones.
Fission is the splitting and separation of a parent organism in two individuals.
Parthenogenesis means that an egg develops without being fertilized, the offspring can be
either haploid or diploid.
Hermaphroditism is an evolutionary solution in which each individual has both male and
female reproductive systems. So they can pare with a male, as well with a female. Some
hermaphrodites can also self-fertilize.
Ovulation is the release of mature eggs.
45.2
Spawning is the process when two species in the same are release their gametes at the
same time.
Pheromones are chemicals released by one organism that can influence the physiology and
behavior of other individuals of the same species.
Gonads are organs that produce gametes.
Spermathecae are sacs in which sperm may be kept alive for extended periods inside the
female.
Monogamy is rare among animals, including most mammals.
45.3
,The gonads, or testes, produce sperm in the seminiferous tubulus. Testis temperature is
maintained about 2 degrees below the core body temperature by the scrotum.
From the seminiferous tubulus, sperm pass into the coiled duct of an epididymis. During
ejaculation the sperm are propelled from each epididymis through a muscular duct, the vas
deferens ejaculatory duct urethra.
The semical vesicles, prostate gland and the bulbourethral glands produce secretion which
mixes with sperm to form semen (two seminal vesicles count for 60% of the volume).
The prostate gland secretes its products directly into the urethra and it contains
anticoagulant enzymes and citrate. The bulbourethral glands secrete clear mucus that
neutralizes any acidic urine
remaining in the urethra.
The outer layer of each ovary is packed with follicles, each consisting of an oocyte,
surrounded by support cells.
Together with wavelike contractions of the oviduct, the cilia convey the egg to the uterus.
The vagina is muscular and elastic and opens to the outside as the vulva. Labia minora are
thick fatty ridges which enclose and protect the vagina.
The clitoris consists of erectical tissue.
, The mammary glands are present in both sexes, but normally active in females by producing
milk.
Gametogenesis is the production of gametes;
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
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