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Lecture notes Principle and application of science ll (Unit 5 - Chemistry) £4.86
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Lecture notes Principle and application of science ll (Unit 5 - Chemistry)

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This document is a hand-made ( lesson notes, YouTube notes, online research notes). It covers every information you need to get the highest grade possible in Unit 5 exams( Chemistry). You can use this document to create your notes and make flashcards. I made this document during my final year of st...

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  • October 16, 2024
  • 27
  • 2023/2024
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jasjit
OME TAL OXIDES NETAL HYDROXNES:
•Acid-sub.tht
dissctes bon
in weter thofam H)> ions
*HCL Ht tCI Hz So 2H*+ So,, HNO,H No,
bydhocnleic
ccid. Buelie acid nitnicccid

•Base neccts withacidh tofam saltond uaten (netl
idos)

*
ALKALI-abose thatdsoleinwctento am ÇHhydhorids
Cao+HaoCa loH) Lpou1l2].
i
• AHPHOTERIC= Sub thet con Necct both as acid ond boge.

L (Alo)
Alminimoxidel
alunie)
is anmphotherc be. necet thhot
acid ond Dose.
itchemicallyinentCeny inencctie)
erpetin ceteincondtbs.
* hot ccid AlOs tGHC 2AlCl3,+3HO.
hydnochende] ctumininhlade.
bae AOatGNe.oH +3 H2O2 NaALCo)6,
Sodimysxidel cluminate
anot cte!
USES: Snsonesm.
Oitschemicallyinetwhich mekea itceulfan ielens pcint/slass
(ed co medin fn chromotophy.(stetionny

(stee
eetie
deiccont
pt 2-13,meke
at-
Lhying
sitebe o
phene).
nemae
Sepnc-tioncppaccton.

SALTS= Compnd fanmed by Ccid-
bae neecton uhee
hydosn CH) in ocid hs boen ropleodby pohe ionme
Sammanian

hydochlenicacid(HcL) metalchloitaCI=
Niticacd CHNO) metal niteteNO
aid(H2So)mete
Sulfuic aete sOL
inegucten
laethis

, Vmetcloyidet
waten metol hydcide

oetaloxidog: bsc.(ansd by metoltorgn
bae
Metal orido+ AciocOt waten +


Calciumcride + hydocheieacid calcimcheia t wcte
Ca 2HCI Ceclg HeO
byoen ion is beon aplesod uith metel.

0Sodm
Na
ico t sofunicacid
Hz Sa,
Sodivm
Naz
le t tte O
lfe
OH

e Potimsxi de t acidetsim
nitic nitete+ H2.
2HNO3 2KNO3

•metulhydroxideo: netl netee
alkelis (oidetwcten hydoxide
base Ccid

|metal
hydroide+ AcIO alt+ waten
aud
Colcium hydoxide t bydrochlic cclciumchluda t HteO.
Ca coH). Cacl2.
9 LiHhium hxdoride+ nitie
acid Lithiumnitnete + HzO.
LiOH HNO3 LiNO3

Hogne sim hydoida cid Hegnesium Sualete+ tbO
Hg CoH). H2SO 2Hy0

Uses cR metalOxidos & hydhoxicos:
oi
*Caleium de CaOi necct uthucter to meke calcium ydroxide,
Itcon
be cood to clterthe pt ot sos.tecteatd acidieeenentnete
* Hgnesium ox de Mo: Gd o fapresenuigbaoks inlnony.
dessicont
bc. popes prduce ccidie Su oide when oxI ed aithain, it od
fo neutroe the acade llnoxI. [itho bese nctu.

, * Hagnescm hydode HgoH)2 ed for trectiny
itroiethe stomac h pH de to ts kosc ncture. aad indigostion.

L feckneo dce Sldis aid,
ccwiythe leoteto be acidic,
Hust be trete
beloe nealig n the ninanneit.
CaOH)+H2 SO, CoSo2Hz O
* Sodum hydoxIde N(o)
rcs
dmcking peostelsocps


decompoitib
efaconpaE
d LECTROLYSIS: sny
wellfEn ibnic
whee they ae dichenyed
comnd uhere inaeeleeticitYabctno
atthccledto

nin caychange.
HusT be freo to moe o compond mst be MoLTEN,c
oUTIGN.
d
(awast.te)
anode Cathode
nestie
ions cne solution
ATTRACTED. oithueionscreATRACTED
L electron.
frun cathae
bloeelatonfre goun


electrde
hoTEN Sodim chhouda:Nac=
Nat alheatnectedto cATHODE Nat
ond they aill
c)
acn electo ad
then dischoged Sodm aloment. Nat+ e- Na.
• CI ule
be attncc
ked to ANODE Cnd the electhons ae nonoed
ons to am chloine. 2CI Cl2 +2e-.
RINE.
e AguEOS Sodim chloeide:
(Necl(c)== Nat Cr4H+ H)
Nhci is dissled
inthe wcter so ce hocle itype Itsoibe
cfions.
Foe oNLY 1TYPE OF ION to DiScAARGE.. ateach
bctade
LThis is cected byion hawecsilyions ae dischoyedCATIOLE
e



Opoihon the Ioninthe elbcthochemical
o seie;the loenthe
netae C bige ual)inelactro
chemicaesenes,
the mone eiKelity
todthage
> ,
inthe soltion bydrosen aillgcinelectnmane easlyto became
hydrep gos and llhe giuen ch at the cathode rathe thon doln
2H 42eH2.

, ANODE
2) Conxenttonoh te
ioninthe the most con. Io
soliton:
Rnd to be diachened,
no mctten hee theionsae inThe
elactochomicnl
seneo
So,the C|ionculllbe dischged
thh
athe thon hydoride In,
eon
the Hion i mana likelyto oxidded.
he con.isSome, inthe codei
1+
OIFthe cthe negetie
L2cCl, +2e
ion i
haldio(Grp ) then helagon ill fo



Ft'hot in Gnot,the hydoxidaull lo ebtonadll
become bysnt
L 4OHO wcten. 42HOt he. Prodct
wwwwnwwwwwe
lactnolyss quicken
/eun continasey •cheaine go
lotomp Jgiehifayild CJodium bydi da lut

REFRACTORY HATERIAL:nctescl
thet
*AlmnsInAlO3)
reractoes:shyscally
luminiumoxide
high tenertue
/chomicloySTABLE ct
L,it'sa meteryelthet neteintb ts steth at hi tnp. s elL fe
chemcel ond yscal onditon.itho sny abnt ond (clnii t oe).
Ths meKes it an ecellbntmeteicl to be nad co chomicel nsctosod funce
4ae iteonbe in acde neceton co it
vned
nstehemica0linet)
Ronelackay mataial infaspions.
ORES= ock herecan
xTRAC TION OF ME TALS: be ertcedmekuthnet
Ly fr
ebctolsiss hi metlABE CARBN.
nEcthuite
9 Dupecemeat nechon fa metallesnetethen cabon. undn
hatngitin resasecf canbon.CREQUCTIO N REALTICN).
Inertmetas= metzlsnot found incompind Sold/silue)
tey
oney heed clecny uic comcal necctons.

K Na Ca Hg AlC C) fe Sn Pa ) As Au

high reactiuity

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