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APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho/exam review/study guide/questions and answers/correct and verified 100%
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APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho/exam review/study guide/questions and answers/correct and verified 100%APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho/exam review/study guide/questions and answers/correct and verified 100% A common cause of diastolic heart failure is: myocarditis myocardial infarction dilated cardi...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • apea cardiovascular pathoexam reviewstudy guide

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APEA-Cardiovascular-
Patho/exam review/study guide/question
ys ys ys




s and answers/correct and verified 100%
ys ys ys ys ys




Ayscommonyscauseysofysdiastolicysheartysfailureysis:ys
myocarditis
myocardialysinfarction
dilatedyscardiomyopathy
hypertensionys-yscorrectysanswers-Hypertensionys


long-termyshypertensionysisysayscommonyscauseysofysdiastolicysheartysfailure.ys
Diastolicysdysfunctionysoccursyswhenystheysfillingysofysoneysorysbothysventriclesysisysimpairedysbec
auseystheysventricleyshasysbecomeyslessyscompliant.ys
Theysheartysmustyspumpysmoreysforcefullyysinysorderystoyspushysbloodysintoyscirculationysagainstysi
ncreasedysvascularysresistance.
Whichystypeysofysanginaysresultsysfromyscoronaryysarteryysvasospasmysandysoccursysinysatypicaly
spatterns?ys



Classicysangina
Prinzmetal'sysangina
Unstableysanginays
Pleuriticyschestyspainys-yscorrectysanswers-Prinzmetal'sysanginays
Resultsysfromyscoronaryysarteryysvasospasmysandysoccursysinysanysatypicalyspattern.ysItysisysusua
llyysatysayssingleyssite.ysItyscanysoccurysinysaysnormalysorysdiseaseysvessel.ysPainysisysusuallyysresolv
edyswithysanginaysmedication.ys
Classicys(stableysangina)ysoccursyswhenystheysheartysisysstressed,yslastsyslessysthanys5ysminutes,
ysandysusuallyysresolvesyswithysrest.ys



Unstableysanginaysisysconsideredysaysmedicalysemergencyysbecauseysityslastsyslongerysthanys5ys
minutes,ysdoesysnotysfollowystheysnormalyspainyspattern,ysandysmayysnotysresolveyswithysrestysorysa
nginaysmedication.ysItysisysoftenysassociatedysoryssignalsysaysMI.

,Ayspatientyswhoysisysinyscardiogenicysshockyswillyspresentyswith:ys
ayshighyscardiacysindexys
decreasedysvascularysresistanceys
increasedysventricularysejectionysfractionys
mixedysvenousysoxygenyssaturationys-yscorrectysanswers-mixedysvenousysoxygenyssaturationys


Patientsyswillyshaveysayslowyscardiacysindex,yselevatedysfillingyspressuresysofystheysleft,ysright,ysorys
bothysventricles,ysandysaysdecreasedysmixedysvenousysoxygenyssaturation.
Withyseachysheartysbeat,ysbloodyswithinystheysleftysandysrightysventricleysisysejectedysintoysthe:ys
leftysatriumysonlyys
aortaysandyspulmonaryysarteryys
anteriorysdescendingysarteryys
rightyscoronaryysarteryys-yscorrectysanswers-aortaysandyspulmonaryysartery
TheysprimaryyscauseysofyscardiogenicysshockysinysayspatientyswithysanysacuteysMIysis:ys
failureysofystheysventricleystoyspumpysbloodysadequatelyys
failureysofystheysaorticysvalveystoyspumpysbloodysadequatelyys
regurgitationysofystheystricuspidysvalve
regurgitationysofystheysmitralysvalveys-yscorrectysanswers-
failureysofystheysventricleystoyspumpysadequately
Unstableysanginaysisyscharacterizedysby:ys
anginayswithysprolongedysactivityys
anginayssymptomsyslastingys>6ysmonths.ys
increasingyscrescendoysanginays
anginayswithyselevatedyscardiacysmarkersys-yscorrectysanswers-increasedyscrescendoysanginays


unstableysanginaysisyscharacterizedysbyysprolongedysanginaysatysrestys(usuallyys>20ysminutesysat
ysrest),ysandysincreasingyscrescendoysanginays(nowysmoreysfrequentys&yslongerysduration)



Whichysoneysofystheysfollowingysproducesysvisibleysevidenceysofysanysunderlyingysproblemyswithys
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, bruising
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varicoseysveinsys-yscorrectysanswers-varicoseysveins
WhichysoneysofystheysfollowingysisysNOTysanysassessmentysfindingysinysayspatientyswhoysisysexperi
encingysshock?ys
lowysurineysoutput
end-organyshyperperfusionys
poorysmentationys
hypotensionys-yscorrectysanswers-end-organyshyperperfusion
Aysprogressiveysdiseaseysofysheartysmuscleysthatysisyscharacterizedysbyysventricularyschamberys
enlargementysandyscontractileysdysfunctionysis:ys
acuteyscoronaryyssyndromeys
cardiacystamponade
dilatedyscardiomyopathyys
thyrotoxicosisys-yscorrectysanswers-dilatedyscardiomyopathy
Patientsyswithysacuteyscoronaryyssyndromeysmayysexperienceyschestyspainyssecondaryysto:ys
arterialysvasodilationys
oxygenysdemand
potassiumysdepletionys
elevatedyscreatineys-yscorrectysanswers-oxygenysdemand
Whatysisystheyspurposeysofysactivationysofystheyssympatheticysnervousyssystem,ystheysrenin-
angiotensin-
aldosteroneyssystem,ysandystheysantidiureticyssystemysinystheyspresenceysofysimpairedyscardiacys
pumpingysand/orysfilling?ys
promotionysofysvenousysrelaxationys
productionysofysarterialysvasoconstrictionys
decreaseysinysvenousyspressureys
decreaseysinysventricularysfillingys-yscorrectysanswers-
Productionysofysarterialysvasoconstrictionys

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