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OTD 324 - Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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End Feel Types - Answer-- Soft - Firm - Empty - Hard Hard End Feel - Answer-- Bony - Abrupt hard stop where bone contacts bone, as in elbow extension when the olecranon process moving against the olecranon fossa. Firm End Feel - Answer-- Soft tissue stretches - A firm or springy feeling...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • otd 324 final exam questions with complete solut
  • end feel types answer soft

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OTD 324 - Final Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions
End Feel Types - Answer-- Soft
- Firm
- Empty
- Hard

Hard End Feel - Answer-- Bony
- Abrupt hard stop where bone contacts bone, as in elbow extension when the
olecranon process moving against the olecranon fossa.

Firm End Feel - Answer-- Soft tissue stretches
- A firm or springy feeling stop where there is some give as soft tissue, as in a muscle,
stretches when a joint is moved

Soft End Feel - Answer-- Soft tissue approximation
- When two soft tissue surfaces come together producing a soft compression, as when
the back of the thigh and the calf muscles come together during knee flexion; or elbow
flexion.

Empty End Feel - Answer-Feeling that there is nothing to stop the movement except the
great pain the patient is feeling, which stops the movement prematurely even though no
physical mechanism exists to stop it. Patients may have difficulty explaining this feeling-
except for pain

Joints of the Elbow - Answer-- Humeroulnar
- Humeroradial
- Radioulnar

Consists of three synovial Joints

Elbow - Degrees of Freedom - Answer-2 degrees of freedom

Structures Providing Elbow Stability - Answer-- Ligaments = main source of stability
- The capsule blends with MCL and annular ligament to increase stability of elbow
complex

Proximal Radioulnar - Stability Structures - Answer-- Annular ligament (see next slide)
- LCL
- Oblique cord
- Quadrate ligament
- Interosseous membrane

, Carrying Angle - Answer-- combination of GH joint (lateral rotation, elbow extension,
and forearm supination)
- Average = 15-degrees (females > males)
- Cubital Valgus

Ulnar Nerve - Answer-- Palpation: can be palpated behind the intermuscular septum
- Due to its location, the nerve can sublux or roll on the epicondyle

Median Nerve Injury - Forearm - Answer-- Palpation: of the medial biceps expansion
(lacterusfibrosus), which courses over the brachial vessels and the median nerve
- A median nerve injury above the elbow causes paralysis of pronator teres and
pronator quadratus resulting in a profound loss of pronation

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome - Answer-- Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow
- Etiology: pressure on elbow (i.e. leaning) and/or extreme elbow flexion

Pronator Teres Syndrome - Answer-- Compression of the median nerve at the elbow

S/s:
- Pain and/or numbness in distal distribution of median nerve
- Weakness in flexor pollicus longus and flexor digitorium profundus (of index finger)
and pronator quadratus
- Tenderness & pain with resisted pronation of forearm

Joints in the Wrist - Answer-- Radiocarpal Joint
- Midcarpal Joint
- Carpometacarpal Joint

- Often collectively classified as ellipsoidal joint with two degrees of freedom

Radiocarpal Joint - Answer-Bioconcave distal radius
•Bioconvex articulating surfaces of proximal carpal row (scaphoid and lunate bones)

Carpal Bones - Answer-

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) - Answer-- separates ulna and carpal bones
- Meniscus of the hand"

- Contains three parts:
1 - Ulnar styloid process
2 - Fovea: depression at base of styloid process (attachment of TFCC)
3 - Pole: concave articular surface allows ulnar articulation with TFCC disc

Wrist Osteokinematics - Answer-- Ulnar deviation (0-30 degrees)
- Radial deviation (0-20 degrees)
- Flexion (0-70 degrees)

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