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OTD 341 Neuroanatomy Test 1 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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Dynamic system theory - Answer-any system, including the human nervous system, can be studied at various levels of analysis Nonlinear dynamic - Answer-the whole can be understood by the sum of the parts Microscopic - Answer-molecules & cells in the nervous system (otoliths) Mesoscopic - An...

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  • October 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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OTD 341 Neuroanatomy Test 1 Exam
Questions with Complete Solutions
Dynamic system theory - Answer-any system, including the human nervous system, can
be studied at various levels of analysis

Nonlinear dynamic - Answer-the whole can be understood by the sum of the parts

Microscopic - Answer-molecules & cells in the nervous system (otoliths)

Mesoscopic - Answer-groups of cells linked together in various systems (vestibular
system)

Macroscopic - Answer-the whole human interacting in their environment (child swinging)

Distributed control - Answer-at any one time, the nervous system coordinates many
different activities (taking notes in the classroom)

Adaptation - Answer-the human nervous system is able to change which can lead to
changes in behavior; it can be shaped by the environment

Neuro-occupation - Answer-reciprocal relationship between the nervous system and
occupation

Localization of function - Answer-particular structures in the nervous system can loosely
be tired to particular functions

Topographical organization - Answer-the brain can loosely be compared to a map
(homunculus)

Brodmann's areas - Answer-classification system which uses numbers to label
individual areas of cortex that are cellularly similar

Hemispheric specialization - Answer-each hemisphere of the brain is connected to
some specific function (lang on left for most people)

Phylogenetic layers - Answer-most newer parts of our brain are located at the top of our
head and the more primitive parts located deeper and lower

Crossed representation - Answer-for most sensory & motor functions, left brain
corresponds to right side of body and vise versa (cerebellum= major exception)

Neuroscience - Answer-the quest to understand the nervous system to advance the
understanding of human thought, emotion, & behavior

,neuron - Answer-anatomical and functional unit of the nervous system consisting of a
dendrite, cell body, & axon

cell - Answer-cell body

nerve fibers - Answer-dendrites and axons

white matter - Answer-tissue of the CNS rich with myelinated axons

gray matter - Answer-tissue of the CNS rich with neuronal cell bodies (nuclei)

sulcus (sulci) - Answer-crevices of the brain (2/3 of the brain is found here)

gyrus (gyri) - Answer-ridges of the brain

fissure - Answer-a deep sulcus

cortex - Answer-outer layer of an organ or body structure

Nucleus (nuclei) - Answer-group(s) of functionally or structurally related cell bodies in
the CNS

Ganglion (ganglia) - Answer-group(s) of functionally or structurally related cell bodies in
the PNS

Tract, fasciculus (fasciclui), lemniscus, capsule, peduncle - Answer-group(s) of parallel
axons in the CNS

nerve, ramus, root - Answer-group(s) of parallel axons in the PNS

Commissure - Answer-group of axons connecting one side of the brain with the other in
the CNS

Layer, lamina (laminae), stratum (strata) - Answer-group(s) of functionally related cells
that form a layer

Medial - Answer-toward the midline

Lateral - Answer-away from the midline

anterior - Answer-toward the front

posterior - Answer-toward the back

superior - Answer-above another part

, inferior - Answer-below another part

rostral - Answer-toward the beak/ head

caudal - Answer-toward the tail/ coccyx

proximal - Answer-nearest the point of origin

distal - Answer-farther the point of origin

ipsilateral - Answer-on the same side of the body

contralateral - Answer-on the opposite side of the body

unilateral - Answer-one side of the body

bilateral - Answer-both sides of the body

superficial - Answer-closer to the surface

deep - Answer-farther from the surface

afferent - Answer-conducts information centrally (sensory)

efferent - Answer-conducts information peripherally (motor)

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer-innervates smooth muscle & glands;
regulates homeostasis

Somatic nervous system (SNS) - Answer-innervates mainly musculoskeletal tissue and
skin

Sympathetic - Answer-part of the ANS; fight or flight

Parasympathetic - Answer-part of the ANS; rest or digest

cerebrum - Answer-largest part of the brain, two hemispheres connected by the corpus
callosum

5 lobes of the cerebrum - Answer-frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic

cerebral cortex - Answer-part of the cerebrum; gray matter surface of the brain which is
several millimeters thick

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