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NUR 108 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE | A SOLVED 100% CORRECT
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NUR 108 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE | A SOLVED 100% CORRECT
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NUR 108 Coronary Artery Disease1. Coronary Artery Disease
Answer
Occurs when the coronary arteries are not able to supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet
heart muscle demands, particularly during times of physical exertion or mental stress.
This is called myocardial ischemia and could eventually lead to necrosis of the heart tissue
Progressive disease that develops in stages. Once symptomatic, disease process is usually well
advanced.
2. Atherosclerosis
Answer
Most common cause of coronary artery disease.
Plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and
other substances
As blockage in a coronary artery increases, new blood vessels may develop that reroute blood
flow "around" the blocked artery
During times of increased exertion or stress, these new arteries may not be able to supply
enough oxygen-rich blood to meet heart muscle demands
3. Major Risk Factors of CAD
Answer
Cigarette smoking Hypertension
Elevated total and LDL cholesterol Low HDL cholesterol
Diabetes mellitus Older age
4. Predisposing Risk Factors
Answer
Physical inactivity Obesity
Family hx of premature coronary disease Ethnicity
Psychosocial factors
, 5. Metabolic Syndrome
Answer
Cluster of conditions occurring together, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Increased BP
Elevated insulin levels (cell resistance) Excess body fat around the waist Abnormal cholesterol
levels
6. Lab Tests for CAD
Answer
CBC Blood glucose
Lipid profile Blood cultures Clotting studies Cardiac enzymes
C-reactive protein (CRP)
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
7. Diagnostic Tests for CAD
Answer
ECG Echocardiogram
Stress Test
Coronary Catheterization CT Scan
MRI
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
8. Symptoms of CAD
Answer
May be asymptomatic
Chest Pain (Angina) - pressure or tightness in your chest, may be fleeting or sharp, and may be
noticed in the abdomen, back or arm. Triggered by physical or emotional stress. Typically goes
away within minutes
Shortness of Breath (especially at rest) Extreme Fatigue with Exertion
9. Complications of CAD
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