NUR 216- pathophysiology Practice Exam Questions Solved Correctly.
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Module
NUR 216
Institution
NUR 216
Exam Questions Solved Correctly.
-Reactive to chemical mediators, secretes hormones, and enzymes
-Lays foundation for atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis
-Composed of endothelial cells - Answer Tunica Intima
-Responds with vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Composed of smooth muscle - ...
NUR 216- pathophysiology Practice
Exam Questions Solved Correctly.
-Reactive to chemical mediators, secretes hormones, and enzymes
-Lays foundation for atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis
-Composed of endothelial cells - Answer Tunica Intima
-Responds with vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Composed of smooth muscle - Answer Tunica Media
-Structure and support
-Comprises connective tissue providing protection for the vessel. - Answer Tunica Externa
How do arteries play a role in blood pressure? - Answer -Arteries have the ability to constrict or dilate
which affects the flow of blood within them; this can determine blood pressure because it plays a role in
how hard the heart has to pump to get blood through the arteries.
BP compensatory mechanism 1: - Answer BP sensors known as baroreceptors. When baroreceptors
detect a drop in BP, they respond rapidly by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
Commonly seen in response to orthothostatic hypotension
BP Compensatory mechanism 2: - Answer The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
When the BP or blood volume in the body is diminished, the kidney is sensitive to the drop in BP."
BP compensatory mechanism 3: - Answer The posterior pituitary secretes ADH (vasopressin) when it
senses a drop in blood volume or BP or an increase in blood osmolarity.
elevated lipids in the bloodstream (cholesterol & triglycerides) - Answer Hyperlipidemia
one of the major conditions that lead to atherosclerosis
acquired through our diet
,LDL vs. HDL - Answer Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): bad cholesterol, carries cholesterol to arteries
(plaque build up)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL): good cholesterol, carries extra cholesterol back to your liver
Fatty deposit on external eye - Answer Xanthelasma
yellow ring around sclera - Answer Archassenlous
Fatty deposit around knuckles and fingers - Answer Xanthoma
Etiology of Atherosclerosis - Answer Endothelial injury from the plaque on arterial walls
Oxidizing free radicals
-shearing force from HTN
-Elevated glucose
-Elevated LDL
Pathology of atherosclerosis - Answer *Endothelial injury = inflammatory reaction → WBC to the area,
WBC engulf the LDL, creates lipid rich WBC, forms the foundation of atherosclerosis plaque
Clinical Presentation of Atherosclerosis - Answer Plaque build up within arteries
symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease- intermittent claudication, pain, numbness, tingling in legs.
Risk factor of artherosclerosis - Answer Non modifiable Risk factors:
-Males over 45
-Females of 55
-Post menopausal females
-African american
-Familial hypercholesterolemia
, -Genetic disposition to DM, HTN, MI, or Stroke
Modifiable Risk factors:
- Diet (Excessive fat, salt) (lack of K and folic acid)
-Lack of exercise
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Alcohol
- hypertension
Etiology of HTN: Primary and Secondary - Answer Primary HTN has no known cause.
Secondary HTN is a side effect of another systemic disorder such as Cushing's disease,
pheochromocytoma, kidney disease, or hyperaldosteronism
risk factors for HTN - Answer Age
African American ethnicity
Family History
Obesity
Sedentary behavior
Tobacco Use
High sodium diet
Excess alcohol intake
Stress
Pathophysiology of HTN - Answer -It exerts high damaging forces against all the endothelial linings of
the arteries.
-Causes high resistance against the heart's left ventricle
-Over time, this results in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as the muscle works harder to eject blood
into the aorta
Clinical Manifestations of HTN - Answer Stroke
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