ANAT 100 - Block Theory 3 Test || with 100% Errorless
Solutions.
What are the two cyclic phases of breathing? correct answers inspiration (inhalation): draws
oxygen rich air into the lungs
expiration (exhalation): forces oxygen poor air out of the lungs
What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system? correct answers - gas exchange
- gas conditioning
- sound production
- olfaction
- defense
What is gas exchange? correct answers the movement of gases across membranes
- external: exchange of gases between the air and blood
- internal: exchanges gases between the blood and cells
What is gas conditioning? correct answers - gases entering the lungs need to be conditioned to
prevent damage
- occurs in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
What chamber of the heart does the deoxygenated blood exit from to enter the lungs? correct
answers right ventricle
What chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood re-enter after exiting the lungs? correct
answers left atrium
the epithelium of the respiratory tract is ____________ correct answers pseudostratified
the apical surface of the epithelium is covered in _________ correct answers cilia which provide
an increased SA for conditioning air and trap inhaled particles and microorganisms caught in
mucus
What are the cells found throughout respiratory tract epithelium? correct answers globet mucus
cells (produce mucus)
What does mucus do? correct answers forms a protective layer over the epithelium and traps
particular matter or microorganisms that may be inhales and provides moisture to humidify the
air before it reaches the lungs
What would happen if we didn't have ciliated respiratory epithelium? correct answers - the body
would lose an aspect of immunity, allowing more debris and potentially harmful pathogens into
the system so someone would be more susceptible to respiratory tract infections (RTI)
What are the two portions of the respiratory system? correct answers - conducting portion
,- respiratory portion
What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system? correct answers - transfers (conducts)
inhaled air from the outside to the lung tissue and vice versa
- where humidification and trapping of debris occurs
- no oxygen absorbed into the blood here because the walls of the organs are too thick
What are the structures of the conducting portion? correct answers - nose and nasal cavity
- paranasal sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
- terminal bronchioles
What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system? correct answers - transfers gases
between the lungs and pulmonary capillaries
- the pulmonary capillaries are the terminal structures within the lungs that have walls thin
enough to facilitate the movement of gases from air to blood and vice versa
What are the structures of the respiratory portion? correct answers - respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
What are the paranasal sinuses? correct answers - a collection of air filled spaces within the
bones of the skull communicating with the nasal cavity
- aid in the conditioning of air, defence against pathogens, and act as resonance chambers for
speech as well
Names of the paranasal sinuses correct answers all are paired
- frontal sinuses
- maxillary sinuses
- ethmoid sinuses
- sphenoid sinuses
What are the nose and nasal cavities? correct answers - the first line of defence against invading
pathogens and debris, trapping them in coarse hair and mucus
- air enters the vestibules (openings) of the nostrils and is passed into the nasal cavity where it is
conditioned
What are the nasal cavity boundaries? correct answers 1. roof - a bone in the skull called the
ethmoid
2. floor - composed of the hard palate
3. medial wall - makes up the nasal septum
, 4. lateral wall - contains the nasal conchae (create turbulence in the air as it passes through the
cavity, allowing for conditioning and catching debris)
5. anterior - made by the nares (the opening between the nose and nasal cavity)
6. posterior - the opening to the nasopharynx
What is the nasal cavity lined with? correct answers - respiratory tract epithelium because it
protects from airborne debris and microorganisms and conditioning of air
What is the roof of the nasal cavity lined with? correct answers - olfactory epithelium
- contains sensory receptors for smell
- composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and bipolar olfactory receptor
neurons
What is the pharynx? correct answers - a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the
larynx
- also functions in connecting the oral cavity with the esophagus in the digestive system
What are the components of the pharynx? correct answers - the nasopharynx (most superior)
- the oropharynx (part of both systems, in the middle)
- the laryngopharynx (part of both systems, most inferior)
Histology of the pharynx? correct answers - naso= RTE
- oro and laryngo= stratified squamous epithelium (more durable for food swallowing)
On an airplane, the change in altitude can cause pain in the ears due to the difference in air
pressure between the cabin and the middle ear. What would be a good solution to equalize the
pressures, and what part of the pharynx would be associated? correct answers swallow
forcefully, nasopharynx
- because swallowing opens the eustachian tube which links the middle ear to the nasopharynx
What is the larynx? correct answers - the organ that produces sound
- also known as the voice box
- made up of a variety of cartilages, ligaments, and associated muscles in order to serve that
purpose
- anterior to the esophogus
- prevents food from entering the trachea
What are the three main cartilages of the larynx? correct answers - epiglottis (large spoon shaped
elastic that prevents food from entering trachea)
- thyroid cartilage (shield shaped hyaline cartilage that provides attachment for many muscles
and the vocal cords)
- cricoid cartilage (a complete ring of hyaline cartilage, narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly,
functions as an attachment for muscles and the vocal cords)
What are vocal cords? correct answers - small ligaments attached to laryngeal cartilages that
vibrate when air is forced out of the lungs
Solutions.
What are the two cyclic phases of breathing? correct answers inspiration (inhalation): draws
oxygen rich air into the lungs
expiration (exhalation): forces oxygen poor air out of the lungs
What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system? correct answers - gas exchange
- gas conditioning
- sound production
- olfaction
- defense
What is gas exchange? correct answers the movement of gases across membranes
- external: exchange of gases between the air and blood
- internal: exchanges gases between the blood and cells
What is gas conditioning? correct answers - gases entering the lungs need to be conditioned to
prevent damage
- occurs in the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
What chamber of the heart does the deoxygenated blood exit from to enter the lungs? correct
answers right ventricle
What chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood re-enter after exiting the lungs? correct
answers left atrium
the epithelium of the respiratory tract is ____________ correct answers pseudostratified
the apical surface of the epithelium is covered in _________ correct answers cilia which provide
an increased SA for conditioning air and trap inhaled particles and microorganisms caught in
mucus
What are the cells found throughout respiratory tract epithelium? correct answers globet mucus
cells (produce mucus)
What does mucus do? correct answers forms a protective layer over the epithelium and traps
particular matter or microorganisms that may be inhales and provides moisture to humidify the
air before it reaches the lungs
What would happen if we didn't have ciliated respiratory epithelium? correct answers - the body
would lose an aspect of immunity, allowing more debris and potentially harmful pathogens into
the system so someone would be more susceptible to respiratory tract infections (RTI)
What are the two portions of the respiratory system? correct answers - conducting portion
,- respiratory portion
What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system? correct answers - transfers (conducts)
inhaled air from the outside to the lung tissue and vice versa
- where humidification and trapping of debris occurs
- no oxygen absorbed into the blood here because the walls of the organs are too thick
What are the structures of the conducting portion? correct answers - nose and nasal cavity
- paranasal sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
- terminal bronchioles
What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system? correct answers - transfers gases
between the lungs and pulmonary capillaries
- the pulmonary capillaries are the terminal structures within the lungs that have walls thin
enough to facilitate the movement of gases from air to blood and vice versa
What are the structures of the respiratory portion? correct answers - respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
What are the paranasal sinuses? correct answers - a collection of air filled spaces within the
bones of the skull communicating with the nasal cavity
- aid in the conditioning of air, defence against pathogens, and act as resonance chambers for
speech as well
Names of the paranasal sinuses correct answers all are paired
- frontal sinuses
- maxillary sinuses
- ethmoid sinuses
- sphenoid sinuses
What are the nose and nasal cavities? correct answers - the first line of defence against invading
pathogens and debris, trapping them in coarse hair and mucus
- air enters the vestibules (openings) of the nostrils and is passed into the nasal cavity where it is
conditioned
What are the nasal cavity boundaries? correct answers 1. roof - a bone in the skull called the
ethmoid
2. floor - composed of the hard palate
3. medial wall - makes up the nasal septum
, 4. lateral wall - contains the nasal conchae (create turbulence in the air as it passes through the
cavity, allowing for conditioning and catching debris)
5. anterior - made by the nares (the opening between the nose and nasal cavity)
6. posterior - the opening to the nasopharynx
What is the nasal cavity lined with? correct answers - respiratory tract epithelium because it
protects from airborne debris and microorganisms and conditioning of air
What is the roof of the nasal cavity lined with? correct answers - olfactory epithelium
- contains sensory receptors for smell
- composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and bipolar olfactory receptor
neurons
What is the pharynx? correct answers - a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the
larynx
- also functions in connecting the oral cavity with the esophagus in the digestive system
What are the components of the pharynx? correct answers - the nasopharynx (most superior)
- the oropharynx (part of both systems, in the middle)
- the laryngopharynx (part of both systems, most inferior)
Histology of the pharynx? correct answers - naso= RTE
- oro and laryngo= stratified squamous epithelium (more durable for food swallowing)
On an airplane, the change in altitude can cause pain in the ears due to the difference in air
pressure between the cabin and the middle ear. What would be a good solution to equalize the
pressures, and what part of the pharynx would be associated? correct answers swallow
forcefully, nasopharynx
- because swallowing opens the eustachian tube which links the middle ear to the nasopharynx
What is the larynx? correct answers - the organ that produces sound
- also known as the voice box
- made up of a variety of cartilages, ligaments, and associated muscles in order to serve that
purpose
- anterior to the esophogus
- prevents food from entering the trachea
What are the three main cartilages of the larynx? correct answers - epiglottis (large spoon shaped
elastic that prevents food from entering trachea)
- thyroid cartilage (shield shaped hyaline cartilage that provides attachment for many muscles
and the vocal cords)
- cricoid cartilage (a complete ring of hyaline cartilage, narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly,
functions as an attachment for muscles and the vocal cords)
What are vocal cords? correct answers - small ligaments attached to laryngeal cartilages that
vibrate when air is forced out of the lungs
