Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th ed)
UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1 Exam Study Guide.
Microbial Structure (ALL CELLS) - answer✔cytoplasm: suspension inside the cell
cytoplasmic membrane: permeability barrier
ribosomes: protein synthesis
Microbial Structure (PROKARYOTES) - answer✔cell wall: structural strength
nucleoid: contains the majority of genetic information
plasmids: genetic information separate from the nucleoid
Microbial Structure (EUKARYA) - answer✔Mitochondria: ATP/energy source
Nuclear Membrane: separate the chromosomes from the rest of the cell. The nuclear membrane
includes an array of small holes or pores that permit the passage of certain materials, such as
nucleic acids and proteins, between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nucleus: stores genetic information of the cell
Rough ER: protein production; in particular for export out of the cell
Smooth ER: Lipid production; Detoxification
Golgi apparatus: Protein modification and export
Why are microbes important to humans? - answer✔They are the basis for all life, they influence
many day to day interactions, and the human microbiome plays an immense role in human
health.
Why are microbes important for understanding the basis of life? - answer✔LUCA, and they were
the original life forms, and catalyzed evolution
What is a microbial colony and how is it formed? - answer✔A microbial colony is a group of
microbial cells derived from one cell that performed cell division and proliferates on nutrient
agar/natural nutrients.
Transcription - answer✔the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
mRNA
Translation - answer✔Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Replication - answer✔process of copying DNA prior to cell division
Gene Expression - answer✔process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries
out its function, this and enzyme activity are heavily regulated to retain intercellular sensing
Evolution - answer✔Change in a kind of organism over time; the process by which modern
organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Motility - answer✔Self-movement of a cell in response to an environmental factor
Differentiation - answer✔process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
intercellular communication - answer✔interactions between cells using chemical signals
horizontal gene transfer - answer✔The transfer of genes from one genome to another through
mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions
of different organisms.
What are the universal cell structures? - answer✔· Cytoplasmic membrane
· Cytoplasm
· Ribosomes
· Genetic material
What are the universal cell processes? - answer✔· Metabolism
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sirjoel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £8.37. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
