Explain how soil exposure contribute to the blood lead levels found in children -
answerThe exposure occurs through direct ingestion of soil, "track in" of soil into the
interior of the dwelling, or a combination of the two.
Identify at least five ways that soil surrounding a dwelling can become contaminated
with lead - answer1. Weathering and "chalking" or lead based paint on the buildings
exterior.
2. Nearby demolition or renovation activities
3. Previous painting jobs involving scraping of exterior lead based paint.
4. Airborne contamination front he emissions of engines burning leaded gasoline in
previous years.
5. Point sources of airborne lead such as lead smelters and battery manufacturing
plants.
Describe 3 reasons for testing any bare soil around a dwelling and in play areas during
a lead- based paint risk assessment - answer1. In yards where soil has been
contaminated with lead, children are directly exposed to contamination when they get
their hands dirty in the soil, and then put their fingers or other objects in their mouth.
2. Lead contaminated soil is also a potential source of lead in interior house dust, since
residents and their pets can easily track soil into the dwelling.
3. Vegetables grown onlead contaminated soil may take up lead and be ingested by the
residents of the dwelling.
Name the units of measure commonly used to express soil lead levels - answerug/g,
mg/kg, ppm and sometimes in weight percent by moving 4 decimal place to the right.
Percent weight example:
0.5% = 5,000ug/g = 5000mg/kg
Identify the EPA guidance soil lead levels where control measures should be
implemented - answer1. High contact play areas - 400ug/g 2.
Other residential yard areas - 1200ug/g,
Levels requiring permanent abatement - 5000ug/g
Name at least 6 response activities identified by EPA nd HUD for residential lead-
contaminated bare soil - answerAreas used by children
400-5000ug/g
1.planting ground cover or shrubbery to reduce exposure to bare soil
2. Moving play equipment away from contaminated bare soil
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