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US EPA Model Lead Inspector Questions and Answers
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US EPA Model Lead Inspector
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US EPA Model Lead InspectorLead Inspector - answer A certified individual who conducts a surface-by-surface
investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint.
Lead Risk Assessor Job Description - answer Determining the existence, nature,
severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards in an entire residential dwelling or
child-occupied facility, and provides a written report explaining the results of the
investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint hazards to the person
requesting the lead inspection.
Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act - answer(Title X of the Community
Development and Housing Act of 1992) The federal government began to focus on
primary prevention of lead poisoning through identifying and reducing lead hazards.
Importance of lead poisoning prevention/lead-based paint inspections - answer Focus
attention on the sources of lead that could poison children; and reduce the cost of lead
hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with lead-based paint.
Lead inspector job description - answerIdentify the lead-based painted surfaces in
housing, certify the results of an inspection in writing, conduct post-hazard control
clearance sampling to determine: the specified hazard control strategy was conducted,
the area is safe for unprotected workers to enter, and the area is a safe place for
residents and young children to live.
How common is lead pollution? - answerLead-based paint is present in roughly 83% of
all hosing stock in the private sector and in roughly 90% of family housing units in the
nation's housing authorities.
Lead-based paint - answerPaint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces that
contain 1.0 mg/cm^2 or more of lead or 0.5% or more lead by weight.
Lead-based paint hazard - answerAny condition that causes exposure to lead-
contaminated dust, lead-contaminated-soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is
deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that
would result in adverse human health effects as identified by the EPA Administrator
under TSCA section 403.
Lead-based paint inspection - answera surface-by-surface investigation to determine
the presence of lead-based paint. A report is then issued that identifies if there is lead-
based paint present and where it is located.
,Deteriorated paint - answerAny interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping,
chalking, or cracking, or is located on an interior or exterior surface of fixture that is
damaged or deteriorated.
Accessible surface - answerSurface that protrudes from the surrounding area to the
extent that a child can chew the surface and is within three feet or the floor or ground
(e.g., window sills, railing, and the edges of stair treads)
Friction surface - answerAn interior or exterior surfaces that is subject to abrasion or
friction (e.g., certain window, floor, and stair surfaces)
Impact surface - answerAn interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage from
repeated impacts (e.g., certain parts of door frames)
HUD Guidelines - answerThe primary purpose of the Guidelines is to guide people
involved in identifying and controlling lead-based paint hazards in housing.
What is lead-based paint - answer1 milligram per square centimeter (1.0 mg/cm^2)
using the XRF analyzer or 0.5% (or 5,000 parts per million) using laboratory analysis
methods
AAS - answerAtomic absorption spectrometry
A2LA - answerAmerican Association for Laboratory Accreditation
ASTM - answerAmerican Society for Testing and Materials
CDC - answerCenter for disease control and prevention
CFR - answerCode of federal regulations
ICP-AES - answerInductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
NIOSH - answerNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Dept. of Health)
OSHA - answerOccupational Safety and Health Administration (Dept. of Labor)
Pb - answerThe chemical symbol for lead
TSP - answerTrisodium phosphate
RCRA - answerresource conservation and recovery act
History of Lead Use - answerNearly all of the lead in the human environment results
from human activities. Once lead is mined, processed, and introduced into the human
,environment it is a potential problem forever. No current technology will destroy it or
make it permanently harmless. However, exposures to lead can be controlled.
The occupational hazards of lead were first reported in 1713 by Bernardo Ramazzini,
who described lead intoxication in potters working with lead glazes.
In 1913, Dr. Alice Hamilton, an American occupations health doctor, wrote about
painters and the hazards of their work.
Why was lead used in paint? - answerAs a pigment, to add durability and corrosion
control, and as a drying agent.
Sources of environmental lead contamination - answerThe principal industrial use of
lead is in the manufacture of electrical storage batteries. Other uses include the
production of ammunition, various chemicals, and sinkers for fishing and etc.
Lead exposure - answerThe major exposure to lead for most adults comes from the
work place (inhalation). Surface dust and soil contamination with lead are the major
sources of lead exposure for infants and young children (ingestion). (Children: drinking
water [primarily from leaded solder, brass fittings and fixtures, and service lines] can
contribute to lead poisoning)
Lead paint - answerThe amount of lead-based paint in housing is significant -
approximately 64 million (pre-1978) private U.S. residences contain at least some lead-
based paint.
Children ingest lead-based paint by normal hand-to-mouth activity. Young children
absorb a significantly higher percentage of ingested lead than adults. Lead absorption is
increased by malnutrition and poor diet.
Lead in surface dust and soil can come from? - answerWeathering and chipping of lead-
based paint, scraping and sanding of lead-based paint in preparation for refinishing,
renovations that break surfaces painted with lead-based paint, abrasion and/or impact
on doors and windows, atmospheric fallout from the combustion of leaded gasoline that
was deposited prior to the phase-down in use, factory emissions, dust and dirt that is
carried into the home on shoes and clothing (especially from factories or construction
sites or by pets)
Lead in water - answerLead-contaminated drinking water also contributes to the overall
level of exposure - from as little as 5 percent to more than 50 percent of a child's total
lead exposure. (NAETI Exam: 20% contribution)
Lead in food - answerContamination from containers with lead solder, lead glaze, or
other materials with lead, by airborne lead from industrial or automobile emissions
deposited on to crops or water, by uptake into food crops from lead in soil or pesticides
applications, and doing transportation or processing.
, A phase-out of lead solder in cans began in the late 1970s.
Food containers: lead oxide is sometimes used to manufacture glazes for protecting
ceramics and etc.
Lead in other sources - answerVinyl miniblinds are another potential source of lead in a
residence.
CDC, CPSC, and the public health have identified the following: crayons (imported from
Chile), painted metal playground equipment, pool cue chalk, calcium supplements
(made from bone or oyster shell), some hair dyes (lead acetate)
CPSC - answerConsumer Product Safety Commission
Health effects of lead exposure - answerThe three systems where the effects are most
dangerous are: the central and peripheral nervous system. the cardiovascular system
(including the blood forming system), and the kidneys.
Exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause: retardation, convulsions, coma, and
death (sometimes)
Acute vs Chronic exposure - answeracute - exposure for short time at high levels
chronic - exposure to low or moderate levels over a long period of time
INSPECTION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP IN SOLVING THE LEAD PROBLEM IN
HOMES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE PRIMARY SKILL FOR LEAD
INSPECTOR TO DEVELOP IS? - answerDocumentation of information
Lead base paint is found more often in pre world war 2 housing units than those built
since 1940,although all housing constructed prior to ? Is at risk - answer1978
Aldo lead based paint is found as often and homes of well to do as the poor, studies
prove that the lower income families are proportionately affected. This apparent
discrepancy maybe due to the lower income families having - answerWhere's physical
conditions, higher level of lettuce, improper nutritional dietary habits
Mg / cm2 - answerMicrograms per square centimeter
According to Section number 302 of the (LBPPPA), public housing authorities and
Indian housing authorities must - answerExpect all the wetlands and common areas in
pre 1978 family developments. complete all such inspection by December 6 1996 abate
lead - based paint hazards equal to or greater than 2 milligrams per square centimeter
Many experts agree that a complete lead inspection project should include detailed
reports regarding the dwellings - answerInterior and exterior surfaces
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