LCA 266 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
1. In 1963, who carried out a coup d'état in Syria to bring the Ba'th into power?
A) the Sunni masses in Syria
B) young Alawite military officers, including Hafiz al-Asad
C) the Muslim Brotherhood
D) Syrian elites educated in the United Stat...
1. In 1963, who carried out a coup d'état in Syria to bring the Ba'th into power?
A) the Sunni masses in Syria
B) young Alawite military officers, including Hafiz al-Asad
C) the Muslim Brotherhood
D) Syrian elites educated in the United States, including Hafiz al-Asad - Answer- B)
young Alawite military officers, including Hafiz al-Asad
2. Which opposition group in Syria was most powerful during the 1980s?
A) the Muslim Brothers
B) the PLO
C) Jihad
D) None of these answers is correct. - Answer- A) the Muslim Brothers
4. Which of the following was NOT a reason Iraq went to war with Iran?
A) Iran won an arms deal from France that Iraq desired, which included Mirage fighter
aircraft and 200 tanks
B) Iranians aided the Kurdish rebellion by violating the terms of the 1975 agreement and
offering Kurds sanctuary in Iran
C) Ayatollah Khomeini encouraged a Shi'a uprising in Iraq
D) Ayatollah Khomeini denounced the legitimacy of Ba'thist rule - Answer- A) Iran won
an arms deal from France that Iraq desired, which included Mirage fighter aircraft and
200 tanks
3. What did the secular Syrian government of President al-Asad do in Hama in 1982?
A) It established the new capital of Syria.
B) It launched a deadly assault on a large part of the city in order to destroy the Muslim
Brothers who had been leading an insurgency against the regime.
C) It ousted the religious leadership there because of the antiregime rhetoric spread in
mosques and religious schools.
D) It successfully defended the city from militants invading from northern Lebanon. -
Answer- B) It launched a deadly assault on a large part of the city in order to destroy the
Muslim Brothers who had been leading an insurgency against the regime.
5. Why did the United States aid Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War?
A) In the 1980s, the United States was more concerned with Ayatollah Khomeini than
with the brutality of the Husayn regime
,B) The United States sought to prevent the spread of Khomeini's brand of Islamic
radicalism and anti-American sentiment
C) The United States sought to protect the oil reserves in Iraq, lest Iraq and other Gulf
states fall to Iran
D) All of these answers are correct - Answer- D) All of these answers are correct
6. What happened after the Iranians launched an offensive in 1988 and successfully
captured the Kurdish town of Halabja in northern Iraq?
A) The Iraqi military liberated it
B) The Iraqi air force bombed the town with poison gas
C) The town was formally surrendered and today exists as Iranian territory
D) The Iranians fled when the citizens of Halabja took up arms and forced them out -
Answer- B) The Iraqi air force bombed the town with poison gas
7. Which of the following was NOT a major source of similarity between the regimes of
al-Asad and Saddam?
A) Both had significant levels of oil wealth
B) Both leaders had cults of personality
C) Both employed socialist economic policies
D) Both regimes based their power on the Ba‛th party and the military - Answer- A) Both
had significant levels of oil wealth
8. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the educational achievements
under al-Asad?
A) His government made significant reductions in illiteracy
B) Central government tightly controlled all levels of education, including Ba‛thist
indoctrination of students and screening of all faculty
C) Free tuition and open admissions encouraged university attendance
D) Rapid population growth led to overcrowded classrooms and shortage of teachers -
Answer- A) His government made significant reductions in illiteracy
9. Which of the following best captures the sectarian similarities between the regimes in
Iraq and Syria?
A) Both regimes' leaders were of a different religious sectarian affiliation than the
majority of their respective countries' populations
B) Both leaders' sectarian affiliations were remnants of Ottoman administrations
C) Both leaders ruled over Sunni majority countries
D) Both largely rejected their sectarian affiliations in favor of secular Ba‛thism - Answer-
A) Both regimes' leaders were of a different religious sectarian affiliation than the
majority of their respective countries' populations
11. Which of the following supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war?
A) Soviet Union
B) Egypt
C) US and France
, D) All of these countries supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war. - Answer- D) All of
these countries supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war.
10. Which of the following best characterizes the Iraqi political transformation in 1977, in
which all ruling Ba‛thist council members became members of the RCC?
A) It meant the transformation of the government into a ruling military junta
B) It allowed for Saddam Husayn, lacking any previous military experience, to rise to
power
C) It essentially ended any distinction between the party and the Iraqi state
D) It reduced the ideological influence of Ba‛thism - Answer- C) It essentially ended any
distinction between the party and the Iraqi state
12. Which of the following best explains Ba‛thist foreign policy in Iraq regarding the
Soviet Union?
A) Ba‛thist Iraq aligned closely with the Soviet Union, on which it depended for arms
purchases and technical expertise
B) Ba‛thist Iraq sought efficient technical and marketing assistance wherever it could
find them, including Japan and the West
C) With rising oil revenues in the 1970s, Iraq implemented a pragmatic approach to
economic development in which it did not remain tied solely to the Soviet Union
D) All of these statements accurately characterize Ba‛thist foreign policy towards the
Soviet Union - Answer- D) All of these statements accurately characterize Ba‛thist
foreign policy towards the Soviet Union
13. Which of the following most accurately describes what occurred in Halabja in
northern Iraq in spring 1988?
A) Iraq responded to an Iranian attack on Halabja by using chemical weapons on the
town, killing 5,000 of its own civilians
B) Iran attacked Halabja with chemical weapons, killing 5,000 Iraqi civilians
C) Iran attacked Halabja, justifying this with its ethnic affiliations with the Kurds living
there
D) Iran and Iraq both launched poison gas at one another during this instance of conflict
- Answer- A) Iraq responded to an Iranian attack on Halabja by using chemical weapons
on the town, killing 5,000 of its own civilians
14. Which of the following best characterizes how Iraq's Shi‛a responded to the Iran-Iraq
war?
A) The vast majority of Iraq's Shi‛a chose to side with their Arab identity over their
religious affiliation, remaining loyal to the government during the war
B) There was a major division among Iraqi Shi‛a, with a substantial number supporting
Iran out of religious affiliation on the one hand and others siding with their own Iraqi
government
C) Ethnic differences with the Iranian government and religious ones with the Iraqi
government left the Arab Iraqi Shi‛a highly marginalized
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