URBS 300 Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Module
URBS
Institution
URBS
URBS 300 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is Placemaking and who advocates for it? - answer- Placemaking is a multi-faceted
approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces. Placemaking capitalizes on a
local community's assets, inspiration, and potential, with the...
URBS 300 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What is Placemaking and who advocates for it? - answer✔- Placemaking is a multi-faceted
approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces. Placemaking capitalizes on a
local community's assets, inspiration, and potential, with the intention of creating public spaces
that promote people's health, happiness, and well being.
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a representative democracy? and who speaks to that? - answer✔- a type of democracy
founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct
democracy.[2] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies are types of representative
democracies;
- SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN
What is a direct democracy? EX: - answer✔In direct democracy, people decide on policies
without any intermediary. Depending on the particular system in use, direct democracy might
entail passing executive decisions, the use of sortition, making laws, directly electing or
dismissing officials, and conducting trials.
Athens
What is a participatory democracy? - answer✔is a form of direct democracy and emphasizes the
broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. However,
participatory democracy tends to advocate more involved forms of citizen participation and
greater political representation than traditional representative democracy.
Explain the relationship between Democracy and Knowledge. - answer✔Knowledge guides
action however democracy (and the type of democracy) guides knowledge in certain ways.
Place vs Space - answer✔A PLACE can be seen as SPACE that has a meaning.
Explain Fainstein's Planning Theory approaches as well as what they are reactions to. - answer✔-
Fainstein exames three approaches to planning theory: the communicative model (Participatory
planning), the new urbanism, and the just city.
- Thus the communicative model responds to the imposition of top-down planning by experts
deploying an Enlightenment discourse that posits a unitary public interest to be achieved through
application of the rational model, the new urbanism is a backlash to market-driven development
that destroys the spatial basis for community, and the just-city formulation reacts to the social
and spatial inequality engendered by capitalism.
Who developed the latter of participation and draw it... - answer✔Arnstein's... (further learn this
ladder.
- (1 ) Manipula- tion and (2) Therapy.
These two rungs describe levels of "non-participation" that have been contrived by some to
substitute for genuine participation. Their real ob- jective is not to enable people to participate in
planning or conducting programs, but to enable powerholders to "educate" or "cure" the
participants. Rungs 3 and 4 progress to levels of "tokenism" that allow the have- nots to hear and
to have a voice:
- (3) Znforming and (4) Considtation.
When they are proffered by power- holders as the total extent of participation, citizens may
indeed hear and be heard. But under these conditions they lack the power to insure that their
views will be heeded by the powerful, When participation is re- stricted to these levels, there is
no followthrough, no "muscle," hence no assurance of changing the status quo.
- (5) Placation, is simply a higher level tokenism because the groundrules allow have-nots to
advise, but retain for the powerholders the continued right to decide. Further up the ladder are
levels of citizen power with increasing degrees of decision-making clout. Citizens ARNSTEIN
can enter into a (6) Partnership that enables them to negotiate and engage in trade-offs with
traditional powerholders.
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