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Aldehydes differ from ketones in their oxidation reactions. Aldehydes are easily oxidised to carboxylic acids on treatment with common oxidising agents like mno2
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CARBONYL GROUPA compound containing the carbonyl group (> C= O)
aldehydes,ketons,carboxylic acids,amids are
Collectively called cabonyl compounds.
STRUCTURE OF THE CARBONYL GROUP
The carbonyl group is Sp2 hybridized,the three atoms
attached to it lie in the same plane.The bond angles
between the attached atoms are appoximately 120o
,The carbon oxygen double bond is polarised due
to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to
Carbon.
The high polarity of the carbonyl group is
explained on the basis of resonance involving a
neutral (A) and a dipolar (B).
,• IUPAC System:IUPAC names for aldehydes are
obtained by replacing the ending –e of the
corresponding alkane with –al.Since the aldehyde
functional group is always at the end of the
chain,there is no need to specify its
position.However,when other substituents are
present,the carbonyl group is the assinged number
The IUPAC names of some aldehydes are given as
foolows:
, Nomenclature Of Aldehydes
Common System:common names of aldehydes are
obtained from the names of the corresponding
carboxylic acids.The aldehyde name is obtained by
replacing the ending-ic acid of the acid name with
aldehyde.
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