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ANT 2100 FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS
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ANT 2100 FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS
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ANT 2100 FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONSThree key components of human societies - Answers-• Gender
• Kinship
• Social status
Gender - Answers-gender refers to culturally constructed ideas about sex differences.
Assigning specific artifacts to men and women is difficult. Humans have two sexes but
there can be more than two genders.
Sex - Answers-refers to inherited, biological differences, between males and females.
Gender roles - Answers-→ the culturally prescribed behavior associated with men and
women. It refers to the different participation of males and females in the social,
economic, political and religious institutions of a cultural group.
Gender ideology - Answers-refers to the culturally specific meaning assigned to 'male',
'female', 'sex', and 'reproduction'.
Political organization - Answers-→ A society's formal and informal institutions that
regulate a population's collective acts
Chiefdom - Answers-A regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized
under a single chief (who is the head of a ranked social hierarchy). Unlike autonomous
bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less permanently aligned
communities or settlements.
Different types of descent systems - Answers-bilateral
Matrilineal
Partilineal
Bilateral - Answers-An individual traces his/her relatives equally on the mothers' and
fathers' side. The standard kinship in North America, as well as many other
industrialized nations. In bilateral descent the nuclear family is the important economic
unit
Matrilineal - Answers-: Matrilineality is a system in which lineage is traced through the
mother and maternal ancestors. A matrilineal lineage includes you, your mother, her
siblings, her sibling offsprings, and your mother's mother. They are associated with
horticulture, long-distance hunting, and warfare with distant enemies. They make up
10% of the world's societies.
Patrilineal - Answers-: you acquire partilineage from father, individuals join the father's
descent group when they are born. They are associated with hunting and gathering,
, agricultural and pastoral societies, also warfare with close neighbors. They make up
about 60% of the world's known societies.
Different residence patterns - Answers-patrilocal
Matrilocal
Bilocal
Bilocal - Answers-• Bilocal: married couple reside either with husband or wife's family.
Patrilocal - Answers-a newly married couple live in the groom's village of origin,
associated with patrilineal descent.
Matrilocal - Answers-a newly married couple live in the bride's village of origin,
associated with matrilineal descent.
Status - Answers-the rights, duties, privileges, powers, liabilities, and immunities that
accrue to a recognized and named social position.
Ascribed status - Answers-rights, duties and obligations that accrue that person by
inheritance (Example: British monarchy)
Achieved status - Answers-rights, duties, and obligations that accrue by virtue of what
that person accomplishes (example US Presidency)
Two-spirits person - Answers-In some Plains in Indian Tribes, two-spirits were males
who chose to live as women, performing women's role in society. Also called
berdaches.
Kinship - Answers-socially recognized network of relationships through which
individuals are related to one another by ties of descent and marriage.
Kinship system - Answers-blends biological descent with cultural rules that define some
people as close kin and others as distant kin.
Moieties - Answers-two groups of clans that perform reciprocal ceremonial obligations
for one another; moieties often intermarry.
Social organization - Answers-→ The rules and structures that govern relations within a
group of interacting people. Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which
are recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior pattern s prescribed
for these positions (roles).
Egalitarian society - Answers-the number of valued statuses is equal to the number of
persons with the ability to fill them. They have equal access to life-sustaining resources,
and no individual wields complete authority over another. Gender and age are the
primary dimensions of status in egalitarian communities.
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