MCAT behavioral sciences UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Module
MCAT behavioral sciences
Institution
MCAT Behavioral Sciences
MCAT behavioral sciences UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
just noticeable difference jnd - CORRECT ANSWER- minimum difference in magnitude
between two stimuli before one can perceive this difference
Weber's law - CORRECT ANSWER- there is a constant ratio between the change in stimulus
...
MCAT behavioral sciences UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
just noticeable difference jnd - CORRECT ANSWER- minimum difference in magnitude
between two stimuli before one can perceive this difference
Weber's law - CORRECT ANSWER- there is a constant ratio between the change in stimulus
magnitude needed to produce a jnd (higher stimulus will need a larger difference to produce a
jnd)
Signal detection theory - CORRECT ANSWER- changes in out perception of the sam stimuli
depending on both internal and external context (how loud would someone need to yell your
name in a crowd for you to hear their name?)
response bias - CORRECT ANSWER- subjects respond in a certain way due to non sensory
factors
duplexity (duplicity theory of vision) - CORRECT ANSWER- retina contain two kinds of
photoreceptores: those specialized for light and dark detection and those specialized for color
section
cones - CORRECT ANSWER- used for color vision and sense fine details- most effective in
bright light and comes in 3 forms (blue, red, green)
rods - CORRECT ANSWER- more functional and only allow sensation of light and dark
because they all contain a single pigment (rhodopsin)- low sensitivity but allow night vision
(more rods than cones)
fovea - CORRECT ANSWER- center most part of the eye and only contains cones
optic chiasm - CORRECT ANSWER- fiber from the nasal half of each rating cross paths
parallel processing - CORRECT ANSWER- ability to simultaneously analyze and combine
information regarding color, shape, and motion
,two point threshold - CORRECT ANSWER- minimum distance necessary between two
points of stimulation on the skin such that the points will be felt as two distinct stimuli
gate theory of pain - CORRECT ANSWER- proposes that there is a special gating
mechanism that can turn pain signals on or off, affecting whether or not we perceive pain
Kinesthetic sensation (proprioception) - CORRECT ANSWER- ability to tell where one's
body is in space
Bottom up processing - CORRECT ANSWER- refers to object recognition by parallel
processing and feature detection- brain takes individual sensory stimuli and combines them
together to create a cohesive image before determining what the object is
top down processing - CORRECT ANSWER- driven by memories and expectations that
allow the brain to recognize the whole object and then recognize the components based on
these expectations (quickly recognize objects without needing to analyze specific parts)
Gestalt principles - CORRECT ANSWER- law of proximity
law of similarity
law of good continuation
law of closure
law of pragnanz
law of proximity - CORRECT ANSWER- elects close together tend to be perceived as a unit
law of similarity - CORRECT ANSWER- objects that are similar tend to be grouped together
law of good continuation - CORRECT ANSWER- elements that appear to follow in the same
pathway tend to be grouped together
law of closure - CORRECT ANSWER- when a space is enclosed by a contour it tends to be
perceived as a complete figure
, law of pragnanz - CORRECT ANSWER- perceptual organization will always be as regular,
simple, and symmetric as possible
associative learning - CORRECT ANSWER- creation of pairing, or association, wither
between two stimuli or between a behavior or response
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER- type of associative learning that takes
advantage of biological instinctual responses to create associations between two unrelated
stimuli (dog starts to salivate when he hears a bell ring due to the fact that when the bell rings
he is given a treat)
acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER- training of a conditioned stimulus
extinction - CORRECT ANSWER- loss of conditioned stimulus
spontaneous recovery - CORRECT ANSWER- weak response is exhibited
generalization - CORRECT ANSWER- broadening effect of a conditions stimulus (little
Albert exhibits fear of rat and generalizes it to a rabbit)
discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER- organism learns to distinguish between two similar
stimuli
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER- links voluntary behaviors with consequences
in an effort to alter the frequency of those behaviors
B.F. skinner - CORRECT ANSWER- father of behaviorism
reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER- process of increasing the likelihood that an individual
will perform a behavior
positive reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER- increase a behavior by adding a positive
consequence or incentive
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