NU607 Comprehensive Exam Questions And Already Passed Answers.
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Module
NR607
Institution
NR607
Pharmacokinetics - Answer the study of drug movement throughout the body
4 basic pharmacokinetic processes - Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Ways the drugs cross cell membranes - Answer 1. passing through channels or pores
2. passing through the membrane with...
Ways the drugs cross cell membranes - Answer 1. passing through channels or pores
2. passing through the membrane with the aid of a transport system
3. penetrating the membrane directly
What is the most common way that drugs cross the cell membrane? - Answer direct penetration of the
membrane
P-glycoprotein - Answer —found in the liver, kidney, placenta, intestine, and brain capillaries—can
transport a variety of drugs out of cells.
A drug must be _______ ________ to penetrate cell membranes directly. - Answer lipid soluble
Acidic drugs ionize in __________ media, whereas basic drugs ionize in __________ media. - Answer
alkaline; acidic
Ion trapping (pH partitioning) - Answer pH may differ on two sides of a membrane; Drugs will
accumulate on the side of a membrane favoring their ionization; Acidic drugs will accumulate on alkaline
side; alkaline drugs will accumulate on the acidic side. can be used to draw toxic substances from the
blood into the urine, accelerating their removal
Absorption - Answer the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
Factors that influence absorption - Answer the rate of drug dissolution, surface area available for
absorption, blood flow at the site of administration, lipid solubility of the drug, and pH partitioning
, Parenteral - Answer means "by injection"; main routes of this type are intravenous, subcutaneous, and
intramuscular
Advantages of IV administration - Answer rapid onset of action, precise control over drug levels in the
blood, ability to use large volumes of fluid, and ability to administer irritant drugs
Disadvantages of IV administration - Answer high cost, difficulty, inconvenience, irreversibility, and
potential for fluid overload, infection, and embolism
Oral administration advantages - Answer ease, convenience, economy of administration, and safety
Disadvantages of oral administration - Answer high variability in absorption, possible inactivation of the
drug, requirement of a conscious, cooperative patient; and the potential to cause local irritation to the GI
tract
Enteric-coated oral formulations - Answer designed to release their contents in the small intestine, not
in the stomach
Sustained-release oral formulations - Answer designed to release their contents slowly, thereby
permitting a longer interval between doses
Distribution - Answer defined as drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and
from there into cells.
What is the rate at which drugs are delivered to a particular tissue determined by? - Answer the blood
flow to that tissue
Blood-Brain Barrier - Answer the presence of tight junctions between the cells that compose capillary
walls in the central nervous system
What can occur due to increased levels of free drug? - Answer increased intensity of drug responses
and toxicity
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