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BIO 353 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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BIO 353 Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions The Cell - Ans:-Basic unit of life What are the major organelles/structures of a basic eukaryotic animal cell? - Ans:-Nucleolus, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pore, chromatin (DNA), mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, acti...

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  • October 23, 2024
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  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • BIO 353
  • BIO 353
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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




BIO 353 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions


The Cell - Ans:✔✔-Basic unit of life


What are the major organelles/structures of a basic eukaryotic animal cell? - Ans:✔✔-Nucleolus,

nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pore, chromatin (DNA), mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi

complex, actin filaments, microtubule, peroxisome, ribosomes in cytosol, intermediate filaments,

lysosome, vesicles, centrosome w/ pair of centrioles, plasma membrane, extracellular matrix


What are the three major disciplines that are involved in studying cell biology - Ans:✔✔-1. Bioimaging -

study of cellular structure and organization


2. Biochemistry - study of chemical reactions of biomolecules


3. Molecular biology/genetics - study of interactions and regulation b/w cellular components including

DNA, RNA, & protein synthesis


What is light microscopy? - Ans:✔✔-Uses focused light & lenses to magnify a cell


What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-0.2 µm



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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Define resolution - Ans:✔✔-Measure of the smallest distance 2 structures can be apart & still see them

as 2 discrete structures


Define magnification - Ans:✔✔-A measure of the increase in the diameter of the structure


What is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - Ans:✔✔-Live-cell imaging


Describe how amplitude contrast works - Ans:✔✔-It is a form of contrast generated by absorption of

selective wavelengths from the visible light spectrum


What is required for amplitude contrast to work? - Ans:✔✔-Organic dye to color specific regions of

cells/tissues


Can the cells be alive when using amplitude contrast? - Ans:✔✔-No, they have to be dead


Describe how phase contrast works - Ans:✔✔-It is a form of contrast generated by change of phase as

the light travels through different densities of transparent specimen


What characteristic/behavior of light is phase contrast based on? - Ans:✔✔-Refraction of light - change

in direction of light determined by the change in the velocity of propagation when passing through

optically transparent media of different refractive indices


Who developed phase contrast? - Ans:✔✔-Fritz Zernike




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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Describe optical tweezers and how they can be used. - Ans:✔✔-Instrument that uses a focused laser

beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force, depending on the refractive index mismatch to

physically hold and move microscopic objects


Can the cells be alive when using phase contrast? - Ans:✔✔-Yes


Describe the basic idea of epifluorescence microscopy - Ans:✔✔-The use of a fluorescence microscope

allows detection of specific proteins or other molecules/ions/organelles that are made fluorescent by

coupling them to a fluorochrome marker


Explain the steps involved in Indirect Immuno-fluorescence Microscopy - Ans:✔✔-1. Cells/tissues are

fixed (killed)


2. Exposed to the primary antibody, the antibody binds only to a specific protein it recognizes


3. Exposed to secondary antibody, the antibody binds only to the primary antibody. The secondary

antibody is coupled to a fluorochrome marker; thus location of protein in cells/tissues are fluorescently

labeled and may be viewed w/ a fluorescence microscope


Are the cells alive or dead for Indirect Immuno-fluorescence microscopy. - Ans:✔✔-Dead


What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures? - Ans:✔✔-Green

Fluorescent Protein; it is inserted into the protein




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