ENC Final Test Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Freshwater is a limited resource and we are using it faster than it can be replenished. Although methods are available to recover and purify some of the water we use, conservation is also seriously needed.
T or F - ANSWERSTrue
Case: The Orange C...
Freshwater is a limited resource and we are using it faster than it can be replenished. Although methods
are available to recover and purify some of the water we use, conservation is also seriously needed.
T or F - ANSWERSTrue
Case: The Orange County Water District (OCWD) in Anaheim, CA has begun a groundbreaking project to
turn wastewater into drinking water.
T or F - ANSWERSTru
On a planet covered with water, why is its availability becoming a crisis? - ANSWERSAmount of water in
the system is finite―about 1,400 million kilometers.
Less than 1/100 of 1% of this water is usable by humans (freshwater contains few dissolved ions). Of this,
almost 35 million cubic kilometers are held in glaciers with additional water in rivers, lakes, and other
organisms.
Wastewater - ANSWERSUsed and contaminated water that is released after use by households, industry,
or agriculture
Freshwater - ANSWERSWater that has few dissolved ions such as salt
Water Cycle - ANSWERSThe movement of water from gaseous to liquid states through various water
compartments such a surface waters, soil, and living organisms.
Surface Water - ANSWERSAny body of water found above ground such as oceans, rivers, and lakes
Transpiration - ANSWERSThe loss of water vapor from plants
Evaporation - ANSWERSThe conversion of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state
,Where is most of the water found on earth? - ANSWERSIn the oceans
Where is most of the freshwater? - ANSWERSTied up in the ice and snow
How much water is available to us? - ANSWERSOnly 0.001% - Less than 1/100 of 1% of this water is
usable by humans (freshwater contains few dissolved ions).
Condensation - ANSWERSConversion of water from a gaseous state (water vapor) to a liquid state
Precipitation - ANSWERSRain, snow, sleet, or any form of water falling from the atmosphere
Ground water - ANSWERSWater found underground in a region know as an aquifer.
Water scarcity - ANSWERSNot having access to enough clean water supplies
How many millions of kilometers is the water in the system? - ANSWERSAbout 1400 million kilometers
How many millions cubic kilometers are held in glaciers with additional water in rivers, lakes, and other
organisms. - ANSWERS35 million cubic kilometers
We depend on water going through state changes in the __________________cycle. Heat causes
evaporation and transpiration. - ANSWERShydrological
Rising gases are cooled to yield another state change back to_________. - ANSWERSliquid
The liquid water is returned to Earth to fill ground storage, underground storage, and to become
available for uptake by plants through their ________________ - ANSWERSroot systems
,At each stage within the hydrological cycle, ______________are made and broken. Toxins may be picked
up, transported, or eliminated. - ANSWERSbonds
Plants release water vapor to the atmosphere and water evaporates from land surfaces. The
combination of both of these processes is called - ANSWERSEvapotranspiration
Solar energy heats water in the ocean and on land causing it to - ANSWERSevaporate
As water vapor rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds. Water held in clouds eventually falls back to
- ANSWERSEarth as precipitation
Most of the water that soaks into the ground eventually makes its way to the - ANSWERSocean
What is runoff - ANSWERSWater that moves from higher to lower elevations
Aquifer - ANSWERSAn underground permeable region of soil or rock that is saturated with water
Infiltration - ANSWERSThe process of water soaking into the ground
Water Table - ANSWERSThe uppermost water level of the saturated zone of an aquifer
____________are cooled to yield another state change back to liquid. The liquid water is returned to
Earth to fill ground storage, underground storage, and to become available for uptake by plants through
their root systems. - ANSWERSRising gases
Water falling back to Earth is not readily available to most of the planet's population. T or F -
ANSWERSTrue
___________________ is a global issue reaching crisis for much of the world—especially regions
throughout the Middle East, parts of Africa, and Australia. - ANSWERSWater scarcity
, Other challenges include having access to water but no money to capture, purchase, or process the
water. About a __________________ currently do not have access to appropriate sanitation or fresh
water. - ANSWERSbillion people
In many developing nations, people use nearby ________________ to meet their basic needs. -
ANSWERSsurface waters
Without improved sanitation, this water is contaminated with____________ and other forms of
contamination. - ANSWERSraw sewage
Destilation - ANSWERSThe removal of salt and minerals from seawater to make it suitable for
consumption
Saltwater intrusion - ANSWERSThe inflow of ocean (salt) water into a freshwater aquifer that happens
when an aquifer has lost some of its freshwater stores
Effluent - ANSWERSWater discharged into the enviornment
Coliform bacteria - ANSWERSBacteria often found in the intestinal tract of animals;monitored for fecal
contamination of water
Portable - ANSWERSWater clean enough for consumption
Wetland - ANSWERSAn ecosystem that is permanently or seasonally flooded
Dam - ANSWERSStructure that blocks the flow of water in a river of stream
Reservoir - ANSWERSArtificial lake formed when a river is impounded by a dam
Freshwater in California flows into the northern part of the state when the Sierra Mountain snow pack
melts in the spring. With climate change, this spring melt is being reduced to critical levels each year.True
or False - ANSWERSTrue
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