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Animal Behaviour BIO 345 Final exam prep for December 2024 UVIC
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Animal Behaviour BIO 345 Final exam prep for December 2024 UVIC
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Animal Behaviour BIO 345Final exam prep for December
2024 UVIC
,Draw predator-prey flow chart (behavioural options for prey) -
Prey survivorship curve? -
(Search) What are some methods animals avoid being found? - - Different time of activity from predator.
- reduced movement
- camouflage
- small size
(When detected) List lecture examples for predator-specific alarm calls (an adaptation). - Found in
Prairie dogs, vervet monkeys, birds
(Detect) Types of visual warning displays that prey may exhibit to predators + examples. - - California
ground squirrels (kick sand into snake face. shows intense tail flicking in presence of rattlesnakes but not
to gopher snakes. They emit IR radiation to rattlesnakes because they are gopher snakes, rattlesnakes
are more sensitive. Causes the snakes to change their behaviour from predatory to defensive).
- Owl butterfly (fixed eyespot)
- Caterpillar snake mimic.
- Cats arching back
- Skunks
(Detect). High fitness displays (honest signals). Define honest signals and give 4 examples. - - Honest
signal is used to show off the individuals fitness levels.
- Tail flicking in moorhen. Demonstrates a sign of vigilance directed towards ambushing predators.
- Tail flags and rump patches in deer.
, - The poison dart frog gives an honest signal of its toxicity to warn off predators.
-Stotting in springbok. Shows that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing. Significantly increases survival.
(Detect). Behaviour of approaching the predator does what? - - decreases risk of predations.
- gathers information
- warn others of danger.
- Usually seen in prey groups of high numbers.
Describe mobbing and cohesion/social grouping. - - Mobbing is when groups attack predators.
- cohesion/social grouping is beneficial to achieve a "dilution effect". They will increase this behaviour
sometimes after seeing a predator (seen in minnows)
(Pursuit) 4 methods of defense of prey when they are being pursued by a predator? Give examples. -
Speed and manoeuverability, Protean responses (unpredictability of movement, zigzagging, spinning
etc.), aggregated responses (fish bundling up, using flash expansion etc), sensory interference (tiger
moths making unltrasonic clicks to deter bats)
Post capture behavioural defences, give 5 types with examples. - 1. Group defense- seen in carnivores,
primates water buffalo (remember youtube vid)
2. Faking death (thanatosis)- seens in insects, spiders, fish, reptiles (hognosed snakes), birds, mammals
(but only a few species)
3. Screaming. Investigated and varied responses, most results show its for predator interference.
4. Autotomization- shed a limb or tail to distract predators. Very energetically expensive, and usually a
last resort. After animals do this they have to stay close to shelter, take fewer risks, shift to tissue repair
rather than mating.
5. Unpalatability. Animals eating toxic foods or retaining them somehow to taste bad. Recently shown in
the african crested rat, present in birds.
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