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MICN201 ANKI REVIEWS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MICN201 ANKI REVIEWS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhere are blood cells produced for a fetus? - Answer Liver and spleen in vascular
sinuses then in bone marrow as bone marrow develops.
Where are blood cells produced for a child? - Answer Bone marrow. Progressive loss
from limb bones.
Where are blood cells produced for an adult? - Answer Axial skeleton including skull,
vertebrae, ribs, sternum and pelvis.
What is a totipotent stem cell? -Answer Cells which, during the course of embryonic
development, could become any kind of body cell, tissue or organ if given an
appropriate combination of differentiation signals?
What is a pluripotent stem cell? -Answer Increasing specialisation to produce a limited
range of cell types.
What do 'adult' stem cells are known as? Where do they lie in? - Answer Progenitor cells.
For example a haemopoietic progenitor/ stem cells. Present in bone marrow, low
numbers in blood. May be able to enter other tissues and participate in healing.
What do haemopietic stem cells become? - Answer Become committed myeloid (red
blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells) and lymphoid cell (B, T
and NK lymphocytes).
What do osteoprogentior cells become? - Answer Osteoblasts - build bone.
Some osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes.
Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic cells of granulocyte-macrophage lineage.
, What does bioavalibility mean? - Answer The fraction of an orally administrated dose
which reaches the systemic circulation.
What does bioavalibility depend on? - Answer Variations in enzymatic activity in the gut
wall and liver first pass metabolism. Gastric pH. Intestinal motility.
How to calculate bioavalibility? - Answer
What are the characteristics of anemia of common disease? - Answer Normocytic,
normochormic. Tendency to microcytosis. Mild to moderate anaemia. Hb mostly above
90g/L.
What is the cause of anemia of chronic disease? - Answer Change in iron avaliability due
to hepcidin which reduces release of iron stores (liver cells/ macrogphages of liver/
marrow/ spleen).
Any inflammation will reduce transferring, hence, causing a drop in serum iron levels,
reducing the supply of iron to the erythroblasts.
How is anemia of chronic disease treated? - Answer Does not respond to iron therapy,
resolves when underlying condition settles.
What are examples of conditions causing anemia of chronic disease? - Answer
Rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, some cancers, response to chronic
inflammation.
ESR rate is raised in Anemia of Chronic Disease- why? Changes in plasma protiens,
increased ratio of globulins to albumin. Infection causes increased immunoblins
(antibodies). Inflamation releases fibrinogen and other acute phase protiens.
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment? Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis
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