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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test Banks With Solutions
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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test Banks With Solutions Components of the urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Major functions of the kidneys -Regulation of body fluids, acid-base balance, electrolyte balance -Excretion of waste products and foreign chemicals -Secretion of...

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  • October 26, 2024
  • 33
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • urine body fluid analysis exam 1
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  • Urinalysis and Body Fluids
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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions

Components of the urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra




Major functions of the kidneys -Regulation of body fluids, acid-base balance, electrolyte

balance

-Excretion of waste products and foreign chemicals

-Secretion of hormones (EPO)

-Maintaining blood pressure




Renal function is influenced heavily by blood volume, pressure, composition and

hormones from the adrenal and pituitary glands; *circulatory system is crucial*




What are the three major processes that lead to the formation of urine 1) Filtration


2) Reabsorption

3) Secretion




Filtration Occurs in the glomerulus; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions
Reabsorption Movement from filtrate to blood; filtered renal plasma is called

"ultrafiltrate"




Secretion Movement from blood to filtrate; removes unneeded foreign waste substances

not filtered by the glomerulus; mostly occurs in distal convoluted tubule




What is the functional unit of the kidney? nephron; about 1-1.5 million present in each

kidney




Function of the glomerulus Filtration of the blood/ filtration of water and dissolved

substances from the plasma




Function of the tubules Reabsorption of substances: glucose, NaCl, amino acids,

potassium, water, calcium, urea




Function of the Loop of Henle Recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine




Role of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -secreted by pituitary gland

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions
-regulates the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule & collected tubule




What is tubular secretion? Movement from blood to filtrate




Filtration: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system -Maintains blood pressure of

the arterioles at a relatively constant rate by regulation of the *dilation of the afferent arteriole*

and *constriction of the efferent arteriole*

-Enzyme *renin* is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

-Renin is released in response to decreased blood volume or decreased blood pressure (decreased

sodium)




What is the area of the nephron responsible for the secretion of renin? Juxtaglomerular

apparatus




Composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate Ultrafiltrate has no cells (RBCs/WBCs) and no

proteins. In comparison, plasma also does not have cells but DOES have proteins.




Renal threshold Maximum capacity of tubules to reabsorb

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions

Glucose has a renal threshold of: 160-180 mg/dL




Active vs. passive reabsorption Active requires energy and passive does not require

energy




Reabsorption process Movement from filtrate to blood; epithelial cells lining the proximal

tubule provide a large surface area to help reabsorb >80% of the ultrafiltrate




Which substances are reabsorbed during the reabsorption process Glucose, NaCl, amino

acids, potassium, water, calcium, urea




Role of the kidney in ion secretion and acid-base balance H+ ions secreted, ammonium

ions secreted, sodium ions reabsorbed, bicarbonate reabsorbed/secreted




What is the countercurrent multiplier mechanism Mechanism that expends energy to

create a concentration gradient which enables water reabsorption to produce concentrated urine

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