PCC 2 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions
The role of the nurse with pain is to:
-Assess pain and communicate with other health care providers
-Ensure __________________.
-Evaluate ______________.
-Advocate for those in pain - answer adequate pain relief, effectiveness
_____________: patients experience with pain and self-report are essential - answer
subjective
_____________ dimension of pain involves genetic, anatomic, and physical
determinants, and influence how stimuli are recognized and described - answer
physiologic
____________ dimension of pain involves the emotional response to a pain experience
(anger, fear, depression, and anxiety). - answer affective
Suffering can result in a profound sense of insecurity and lack of control. Can also
cause ______________- it is important to assess the ways in which a person's
spirituality influences their pain. - answer spiritual distress
______________ dimension of pain is the beliefs, attitudes, memories, and meaning
attributed to pain- influence the response to pain. - answer cognitive
____________ dimension of pain is the observable actions used to express or control
pain- facial expressions, physical activity, level of relaxation, and social status. - answer
behavioral
_____________ dimension of pain includes demographics, support systems, social
roles, and culture; age, gender, and education influence beliefs and coping strategies;
these must be assessed without stereotyping. - answer sociocultural
_________ pain is damage to somatic or visceral tissue. For example, surgical incision,
broken bone, or arthritis. Typically responsive to opioids and nonopioid medications -
answer nociceptive
___________ pain is localized (sharp, burning, prickly) and arises from a bone, joint,
muscle, skin, or connective tissue- aching or throbbing. - answer somatic
___________ pain: activation of nociceptors in the internal organs and lining of the body
cavities. Arises from internal organs such as the intestine and bladder. - answer
visceral
, ___________ pain: damage to peripheral nerve or CNS- numbing, hot-burning,
shooting, stabbing, or electrical in nature. Sudden, intense, short-lived, or lingering. -
answer neuropathic
Acute pain decreases over time and goes away as recovery occurs. The treatment goal
is: _________. - answer pain control with eventual elimination
The manifestations of acute pain reflect ______________ nervous system activation:
-increased heart rate
-increased respiratory rate
-increased blood pressure - answer sympathetic
Chronic pain does not go away; is typically characterized by periods of ups and downs-
manifestations include decreased movement/activity, withdrawal from social interaction,
and ____________. - answer fatigue
Pain assessment characteristics include: - answer onset, duration, associated
symptoms, factors increasing or relieving pain, pattern, location, intensity, and quality
_____________ is usually rapid onset and brief duration with variable frequency and
intensity, occurs beyond treated pain. Signals the need for changing in dose or
scheduling or the analgesic - answer breakthrough pain
Using both ___________ therapies is important in using a holistic approach to pain.
Examples include massage, exercise, TENS, acupuncture, and heat or cold therapy.
These reduce the dose of analgesic required and minimizes side effects. - answer
drug and nondrug
__________ drugs are used to treat mild pain. (NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin.
These have an analgesic ceiling (increasing dose beyond upper limit provides no great
analgesia) - answer nonopioid
__________ drugs are used to treat moderate to severe pain. (morphine, oxycodone,
and codeine). Common side effects of these include constipation, nausea/vomiting,
sedation, respiratory depression, and pruritus. - answer opioid
_________ drug therapy is used to treat certain types of pain, such as neuropathic pain-
typically require a co-analgesic and adjuvant drug (corticosteroids, antidepressants, anti
seizure drugs, and GABA receptor agonists). - answer adjuvant
________ doses of analgesics are larger due to the first pass effect. This is the route of
choice with a functioning GI system - answer oral
Can a patient overdose with a PCA pump? - answer no
